Freshwater crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus) is an important economic fisheries resource of Aras reservoir, Iran. The infection of freshwater crayfish by gram negative and gram positive bacteria are common in natural and cultural environments. These bacteria are considered as secondary disease agents or opportunities. This study was conducted to investigate infes...

Epoxidized vegetable oils are the product of vegetable oil epoxidation reactions. Since the epoxidized vegetable oil is a nonpoisonous plasticizer, it has been wildly used in the plastic packaging of food and medicine. Among the various epoxidized vegetable oils, the application of epoxidized soybean oil is broader than others. Nowadays, it’s the third largest category of plasticizers. However,...

Saline to freshwater invasions have become increasingly common in recent years. A key hypothesis is that rates of freshwater invasions have been amplified in recent years by increased food concentration, yet this hypothesis has remained unexplored. We examined whether elevated food concentration could enhance freshwater tolerance, and whether this effect evolves following saline to freshwater i...

Children's vegetable consumption is still far below that recommended, and stimulating their intake is a challenge for caregivers. The objective of this study was to investigate whether choice-offering is an effective strategy to increase children's vegetable intake in an in-home situation. Seventy children (mean age 3.7; SD 1) randomly assigned to a choice or a no-choice condition, were exposed...

Vitamin D3 (100 ng 100 g body weight-1 day-1) was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) to the freshwater mud eel Amphipnous cuchia kept in artificial freshwater, calcium-free freshwater, low-calcium freshwater (0.2 mmol/l CaCl2) or calcium-rich freshwater (13.4 mmol/l CaCl2) for 15 days. Analyses of serum calcium and phosphate levels were performed on days 1, 3, 5, 10 and 15 after the beginnin...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether an association exists between different clusters of fruit- and vegetable-specific family-environmental factors and children's daily fruit and vegetable intake, and whether these associations differ between countries with different school lunch policies. DESIGN Cross-sectional data from four European countries participating in the Pro Greens project in 2009. Thes...

Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) is home of 31% of the world’s freshwater resources1. Proclaimed a human right in July 2010 under the Un Decision 64/292 and recognized in the constitutions of some LAC countries, the availability of clean water in sufficient quantities and quality is essential to human dignity and quality of life. It is also a critical service supporting poverty alleviation...

Since 1993, various public and private institutions have supported the development of a freshwater ornamental industry in Hawai‘i which, based on current success, must be intensive and utilize the latest in culture technologies to remain competitive. Feeding and palatability trials using commercial feeds suggests that very little is understood about the nutritional requirements of the 1500 spec...

Snails are creatures present in various ecosystems that, in addition to being present in human surroundings, some of them are also important in veterinary medicine and medicine as the intermediate hosts of Digenean trematodes. The present study was conducted to identify and determine the geographical distribution of freshwater snails and investigate the relationship of variables, such as season...