The growth and patterning of Drosophila wing and notum primordia depend on their subdivision into progressively smaller domains by secreted signals that emanate from localized sources termed organizers. While the mechanisms that organize the wing primordium have been studied extensively, those that organize the notum are incompletely understood. The genes odd-skipped (odd), drumstick (drm), sob...

Avocado quality control is dealt with as a total process, commencing with an understanding of the physiological attributes of the fruit itself, including respiration, ethylene production, transpiration and the effects of step-down temperatures and time on quality. Orchard factors that may affect fruit quality are discussed briefly. These include factors such as irrigation, nutrition, mulching, ...

The effects of crystal (transparent) and black nets on the protection of fruits from hail, the interception of light, temperature, humidity and fruit quality were evaluated over four seasons (from 2000 to 2003) at the IRTA-Experimental Station, Lleida (NE-Spain) on ‘Mondial Gala’ apples (Malus x domestica Borkh.). Nets demonstrated their effi ciency for fruit protection against hail; decreased ...

The B3LYP/6-31++G** density functional calculations were used to obtain minimum geometries and interaction energies between the molecular hydrogen and nanostructures of fullerenes, C20 (cage), C20 (bowl), C19Si (bowl, penta), C19Si (bowl, hexa). The H2 molecule is set as adsorbed in the distance of 3Å at vertical position from surface above the pentagonal and hexagonal sites of nanostructures. ...

Abstract At present, the artificial fruit picking cost is high, damage rate and efficiency low, so greenhouse robot emerges as times’ demand. Therefore, this paper designs a kind of chassis system robots. This mainly designed simulates mechanical system, electrical basic motion control algorithm from three aspects. Finally, prototype in completed debugged, which proves that it has characteristi...

This paper analyses the scope for collusive behaviour within the context of an international duopoly supergame in which both firms and monopoly labour unions interact strategically. We find that the presence of unions, implying an endogenisation of production costs, dramatically alters the incentives for inter-firm collusion. There are, however, strong incentives for the unions to collude, rais...

The purpose of this paper is to estimate models for retail price of gasoline based on the prediction deriving from the recent infinitely repeated game theories, supergame theories. The prediction implies that both the future changes and the unexpected shock in the economic environment, where firms faces, do have an impact on the current retail price of gasoline. Using monthly time series data o...