OBJECTIVES To determine whether socio-economic groups differ in their fruit and vegetable consumption, and the variety eaten, and whether socio-economic differences are similar for adolescents and adults. The study also examined whether socio-economic groups vary in their reported desire to increase the amount of fruit and vegetables consumed, and the perceived barriers to achieving this. DES...

Variations in ̄avonoid and chlorogenic acid levels within fruit, within tree, between orchards, between cultivars and among mutants were characterised and quanti®ed in `Elstar' and `Jonagold' apples by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The sun-exposed skin of individual fruit had much higher cyanidin 3-galactoside (anthocyanin) and quercetin 3glycoside levels than...

Banana (Musa sp.) is a fruit plant that commonly cultivated in the tropics. Indonesia has variety of banana cultivars, each cultivar may different susceptibility to pests and diseases. This study aims identify damage intensity scab moth (Nacoleia octasema Meyrick) on some cultivars. The Survey was conducted plantation, while sample selected using random sampling. Six cultivars were observed, na...

Nature has blessed Pakistan with an ideal climate for growing a wide range of delicious fruits. Thus a very wide range of tropical, sub-tropical and temperate fruits are grown in the country. Over the years, Pakistani experts have developed unique strains of exotic fruit varieties. Pakistan is producing a large variety of fruits on an area of 734.6 thousand hectares with a total production of 5...

Insects can estimate distance or time-to-contact of surrounding objects from locomotion-induced changes in their retinal position and/or size. Freely walking fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) use the received mixture of different distance cues to select the nearest objects for subsequent visits. Conventional methods of behavioral analysis fail to elucidate the underlying data extraction. He...

The possible intermediary position of the plant acids in respiration and carbohydrate metabolism as indicated for some plant tissues, suggests that a similar situation may exist in fruit. Many fruits contain comparatively large amounts of various acids (8) and apparently have a very active acid metabolism, as shown by the changes in concentration which occur during growth, ripening and storage....

Children of low socio-economic position (SEP) consume poorer diets than those of high SEP; however, there is limited understanding of why socio-economic gradients in diet occur. Some evidence suggests that determinants of dietary intake may differ between SEP groups. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the associations between personal and environmental variables and children'...

Fruit of 85 varieties of Pakistani dates were collected throughout the harvest season. Appropriate Performa was designed to write the scientific and commonly used properties. These properties included fruit color at Khalal stage, shape, size (length & diameter), color & height of perianth, fruit group (soft, semi-dry, dry), edible stage and the micropyle position and split (wide, narrow, deep)....

A prerequisite for the evolutionary stability of pollinating seed-consuming mutualisms is that each partner benefits from the association. However, few studies of such mutualism have considered the benefit gained by the pollinators. Here, we determined how the pollinating seed-predators ensure the provisioning of their offspring in the recently discovered mutualism between Rheum nobile and Brad...