Increasing concerns regarding wireless systems' security are leading researchers to exploit the physical properties of a medium while designing any secured network. The secrecy performance mixed radio frequency-free space optical (RF-FSO) system with variable gain relaying scheme is investigated in this paper under attempt wiretapping by an eavesdropper. We assume that eavesdropper can intrude ...

Free-space optical (FSO) links are contemplated as a potential paradigm to yield efficient point-to-point communication in wireless systems. Notably, these used provide the proficient connectivity between radio frequency (RF) network and fiber optic-based network. To this end, more attention has been paid mixed FSO-RF systems where single-hop FSO transmission RF configuration is used. In paper,...

This research aims to investigate how effectively digital modulation performs transfer data via hybrid fiber optic and free space (FO-FSO) channels for last-mile communication systems. Digital techniques investigated are phase-shift keying (PSK) 8-PSK, 16-PSK, quadrature amplitude (QAM) 4-QAM, 16-QAM, 64-QAM. FSO is line-of-sight technology being a solution system the challenge of cables instal...

Free-space optical (FSO) communication offers significant technical and operational advantages such as higher bandwidth capacity, robustness to electromagnetic interference, a high degree of spatial confinement (bringing virtually unlimited reuse and inherent security), low power requirements, and unregulated spectrum. FSO communication can be deployed as an efficient solution for a wide range ...

We have investigated the performance improvement of cooperative free space optical (FSO) communication over single input single output (SISO) system in this paper. Bit error rate (BER) analysis for gammagamma channel model with additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) has been demonstrated for SISO and cooperative system as well where the performance improvement with different combining techniques ...

Atmospheric turbulence induced fading is one of the main impairments affecting the operation of free-space optical (FSO) communication systems. In this paper, the bit error rate (BER) of M-ary pulse position modulation (M-ary PPM) of directdetection and avalanche photodiode (APD) based is analyzed. Both log-normal and negative exponential fading channels are evaluated. The investigation discuss...

The ever-increasing demands for higher data rates in telecommunications networks, along with the significant benefits offered by wireless communications, have pushed technological developments to new frontiers. Free-space optical (FSO) communications are among technologies that can address these emerging demands, offering large and unregulated bandwidth. In addition, recent advances radio frequ...

In this work, a hybrid free-space optics (FSO)/ teraHertz (THz) based backhaul network is considered to provide high-data-rate reliable communication the terrestrial mobile users (MUs) operating at millimeter-wave (mmWave) bands. The FSO link affected by atmospheric turbulence and pointing error impairments. At receiver, both intensity-modulated direct detection heterodyne techniques are consid...

In this work, a mixed free-space optics (FSO)/radio-frequency (RF) based multiple serial high altitude platforms (HAPs) assisted multiuser multiantenna terrestrial communication system is considered. For the considered multi-hop system, earth station to HAP and links are assumed as FSO links, mobile users (MUs) link RF link. At detector both heterodyne detection intensity modulation direct tech...