Bioethanol produced via valorisation of renewable biomass is great interest to many industries. The increased availability and decreased cost bioethanol make it a promising platform molecule produce wide range value-added chemicals fuels the catalytic conversions. This paper provides comprehensive review conversions variety chemicals/fuels such as hydrogen, C2–C4 olefins, gasoline small oxygena...

There continues to be significant interest in the development, certification, and use of alternative (non-petroleum) aviation fuels. The motivation for this is driven by many factors, including the growing demand and reduced supply of petroleum-derived fuels, cost volatility, and desire for a reliable domestic fuel supply. In addition, the production of alternative fuels from renewable/biologic...

The fishermen's dependence on fossil fuels is still very high at 95.4% and has not decreased until now. increased fuel price reduced availability make fishermen struggle to fish. IMO (International Maritime Organization) noted that around 277 million tonnes of are consumed by ships with fuels. According an emissions study conducted IMO, 961 CO 2 accounted for 2.5% global emissions. This aims re...

BACKGROUND India contributes 24% of the global annual child deaths due to acute respiratory infections (ARIs). According to WHO, nearly 50% of the deaths among children due to ARIs is because of indoor air pollution (IAP). There is insufficient evidence on the relationship between IAP from the use of solid fuels and incidence of life threatening respiratory illnesses (LTRI) in children in India...

Wildfire is one of the most significant forms of natural disturbance, impacting a wide range of ecosystems ranging from boreal forests to Mediterranean shrublands and tropical rainforest. One of the greatest uncertainties in assessing fire danger is our knowledge of fuels. Fuel properties vary at fine spatial scales, change depending on stand age and prior disturbance history and vary seasonall...

Transport policy research seeks to predict and substantially reduce the future transport-related greenhouse gas emissions and fuel consumption to prevent negative climate change impacts and protect the environment. However, making such predictions is made difficult due to the uncertainties associated with the anticipated developments of the technology and fuel situation in road transportation, ...

HIGHLIGHTS In developing countries, especially in rural areas, 2.5 billion people rely on biomass, such as fuelwood, charcoal, agricultural waste and animal dung, to meet their energy needs for cooking. In many countries, these resources account for over 90% of household energy consumption. In the absence of new policies, the number of people relying on biomass will increase to over 2.6 billion...

Fossil fuels in the transport and mobility sector can be replaced with several renewable fuels, such as renewable electricity, hydrogen and biomass-to-liquid. When these alternative fuels are used, aspects such as safeguarding supply, economic efficiency, and environmental protection must be taken into account to ensure sustainable change and to create a sustainable society. We introduce a scen...

Production of algal crude oil has been achieved in various pilot scale facilities, but whether algal fuels can be produced in sufficient quantity to meaningfully displace petroleum fuels, has been largely overlooked. Limitations to commercialization of algal fuels need to be understood and addressed for any future commercialization. This review identifies the major constraints to commercializat...