The problem of the directionality of genome evolution is studied. Based on the analysis of C-value paradox and the evolution of genome size we propose that the function-coding information quantity of a genome always grows in the course of evolution through sequence duplication, expansion of code, and gene transfer from outside. The function-coding information quantity of a genome consists of tw...

For fields that vary slowly on the scale of the lightest mass the logarithm of the vacuum functional can be expanded as a sum of local functionals. For Yang-Mills theory the leading term in the expansion dominates large distance effects and leads to an area law for the Wilson loop. However, this expansion cannot be expected to converge for fields that vary more rapidly. By studying the analytic...

The spatial gradient expansion of the generating functional was recently developed by Parry, Salopek, and Stewart to solve the Hamiltonian constraint in EinsteinHamilton-Jacobi theory for gravitationally interacting dust and scalar fields. This expansion is used here to derive an order-by-order solution of the Hamiltonian constraint for gravitationally interacting electromagnetic and scalar fie...

A framework allowing for perturbative calculations to be carried out for quantum field theories with arbitrary smoothly curved boundaries is described. It is based on an expansion of the Green function for second order differential operators valid in the neighbourhood of the boundary and which is obtained from a corresponding expansion of of the associated heat kernel derived earlier for arbitr...

We discuss the strong-coupling expansion in Euclidean field theory. In a formal representation for the Schwinger functional, we treat the off-diagonal terms of the Gaussian factor as a perturbation about the remaining terms of the functional integral. In this way, we develop a perturbative expansion around the ultra-local model, where fields defined at different points of Euclidean space are de...

The method of characteristic functional is used for statistical description of the impurity concentration distribution in the random velocity field. A closed set of equations for a mean concentration response to a change of the external source density and for a pair correlation of the concentration fluctuations is obtained. 1. Statement of the problem The processes of a diffusion in a random ve...

The non-Markovian behaviour of open quantum systems interacting with a reservoir can often be described in terms of a time-local master equation involving a time-dependent generator which is not in Lindblad form. A systematic perturbation expansion of the generator is obtained either by means of van Kampen’s method of ordered cumulants or else by use of the Feynman-Vernon influence functional t...

Repurposing existing proteins for new cellular functions is recognized as a main mechanism of evolutionary innovation, but its role in organelle evolution is unclear. Here, we explore the mechanisms that led to the evolution of the centrosome, an ancestral eukaryotic organelle that expanded its functional repertoire through the course of evolution. We developed a refined sequence alignment tech...

The formulation of density-functional expansion methods is extended to treat the second and higher-order terms involving the response density and spin densities with an arbitrary single-center auxiliary basis. The two-center atomic orbital products are represented by the auxiliary functions centered about those two atoms, and the mapping coefficients are determined from a local constrained vari...

BACKGROUND Limitations of the clinical efficacy of dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy, as well as difficulties in their industrial production, are largely related to the limited number of autologous DCs from each patient. We here established a possible breakthrough, a simple and cytokine-based culture method to realize a log-scale order of functional murine DCs (>1,000-fold), which cells w...