because of its widespread needs in different scientific fields, statistics and probability theory have gained great importance and medical students as well as students of other medically related disciplines including nursing need to use them especially in their research projects in undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate schools. this article deals with the question of finding the most effecti...

BACKGROUND Approximately 20% of the breast carcinoma cases detected on mammography screening represent ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Cytopathologists are exposed to cytologic material from DCIS when nonpalpable, mammographic lesions are aspirated during the workup of organized and opportunistic mammography screening. METHODS The material in the current study was comprised of 225 representa...

BACKGROUND The National Institutes of Health recommend a readability grade level of less than 7th grade for patient directed information. In this study, we use validated readability metrics to analyze patient information from prominent websites pertaining to ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. METHODS The terms "Crohn's Disease," "Ulcerative Colitis," and "Inflammatory Bowel Disease" were...

alloy steel, which is versatile in such qualities as grade, property and application, can play an important role in the technical and economic development of the country. the present consumption of the key industrial sector to this strategic material, specified basically as semi- finished products exceeds 100,000 tons per year. however, a rough estimation of the true potential needs, does clear...

Material and Methods: The present study was conducted on 40 specimens of breast carcinoma out of which 12 cases were of Grade II and 28 cases were of Grade III. Percentage positivity and scoring of Ki-67 and mean AgNOR count was done with relation to grades. Observations: Ki-67 positivity was seen in 12 cases with the percentage positivity of 2.33±5.516 in grade II and 9.67±7.671 in grade III t...

OBJECTIVE To examine the relation between the initial microvascular perfusion pattern, as assessed by intracoronary myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE), immediately after restoration of TIMI (thrombolysis in myocardial infarction) (TIMI) grade 3 flow during acute myocardial infarction, and the extent and timing of functional recovery in the area at risk. SETTING Referral centre for int...

background and objective: ovarian tumors are among the most frequent pathologic conditions in gynecologic practice and a frequent cause of hospitalization and surgery. the aim of this study was to determine histologic distribution of benign operated masses especially functional ovarian cysts. material and methods: benign ovarian files of operated patients (2961 cases) in 20 tertiary and seconda...

    Background: Giant cell tumor (GCT) of the bone is a benign neoplasm with local aggressive behavior. Distal ulna is a very rare place for GCT. Published studies have mainly focused on case reports, and thus there is no consistent treatment strategy for this tumor at this location. This retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the oncological and functional results of 2 di...

Bowel preparation methods for total colonoscopy in children generally involve whole gut irrigation with electrolyte lavage solutions, which in most children will require hospitalisation for nasogastric tube administration. The aim of the study was to determine the efficacy of oral bisacodyl combined with a single phosphate enema as a bowel preparation regimen in children. In an open prospective...