We develop a covariance-matrix-based uncertainty analysis for vector-network-analyzer scattering-parameter measurements. The covariance matrix captures all of the measurement uncertainties and statistical correlations between them. This allows the uncertainties of vector-network-analyzer scattering-parameter measurements to be propagated into the uncertainties of other quantities derived from s...

An efficient measurement methodology is proposed to construct the scattering parameters of a multi-port device using a four-port vector network analyzer (VNA) without the external un-terminated ports. By using the four-port VNA, the reflected waves from the un-terminated ports could be minimized. The proposed method significantly enhances the accuracy of the S-parameters with less number of mea...

This paper concerns the reconstruction of the absorption and scattering parameters in a time-dependent linear transport equation from full knowledge of the albedo operator at the boundary of a bounded domain of interest. We present optimal stability results on the reconstruction of the absorption and scattering parameters for a given error in the measured albedo operator.

introduction: different methods have been used to evaluate the beneficial effect of varicocelectomy; these include semen parameters and pregnancy rate. due to high biological variability of semen parameters, sperm functional test has been considered an efficient end point in assessment of fertility. therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of varicocelectomy on semen paramete...

Objectives: Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is one of the significant causes of knee pain that results in reduced functional performance.Interventional foot orthotics may lead to improvement in symptoms. In this study, the effects of custom-made foot orthoses with medial heel skive technique on pain and functional performance after four weeks were evaluated.  Methods: Fourteen subject...

functional response of trichogramma brassicae bez. to different densities of eggs of two host species anagasta kuehniella zell. and plodia interpunctella hub. was studied under laboratory conditions (24±1°c, 65±10% rh and 16: 8 l:d photoperiodism). one day old eggs of either host were offered to individual females of t.brassicae in densities 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 and 128 respectively in 21, 15, 1...