Cercosporin is a non-host-selective, perylenequinone toxin produced by many phytopathogenic Cercospora species. The involvement of Ca(2+)/calmodulin (CaM) signaling in cercosporin biosynthesis was investigated by using pharmacological inhibitors. The results suggest that maintaining endogenous Ca(2+) homeostasis is required for cercosporin biosynthesis in Cercospora nicotianae. The addition of ...

A variety of fungi are known to cause important plant diseases, resulting in a significant lost in agricultural crops. The plant diseases need to be controlled to maintain the level of yield both quantitatively and qualitatively. Farmers often rely heavily on the use of synthetic fungicides to control the plant diseases. However, the environmental problems caused by excessive use and misuse of ...

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Abstract Background Apple decline diseases, responsible for seedlings root and collar rot in nurseries, are an important disease. Different fungal bacterial antagonists were evaluated to control Pythium ultimum associated with this serious disease using vitro vivo greenhouse assays. Results The test of ten Aspergillus spp. Trichoderma harzianum isolates showed their efficacy reduce the radial g...

in the present study the effects of both cck receptor agonists and antagonists on antinociception induced by morphine in the tail-flick test have been evaluated. m orphine induced dose-dependent antinociception in mice. the response of morphine was potentiated by sulfated cholecystokinin-8 (cck-8s) but not by unsulfated cholecystokinin-8 (cck-8u). the cck receptor antagonists mk-329 and l-365, ...

we present a case of allergic fungal sinusitis (afb) in a 20-year old man with few months' history of bilateral nasal obstruction and discharge with unilateral proptosis that underwent maxillary antrostomy due to the mass in paranasal sinuses. histological examination of tissue showed branching fungal hyphae interspersed with allergic mucin without fungal invasion to soft tissue. the patient re...

Novel drug delivery systems for controlled-release of opioid agonists as a long time painkillers or opioid antagonists for opium, heroin, and alcohol addiction are under development or in clinical use today. In this article, the field of “new drug delivery systems” is momentarily reviewed from the viewpoint of the marketed opioid agonists/antagonists dosage forms today.