Coccidioidomycosis is a fungal disease with a wide variety of manifestations. The systemic infection is a product of airborne spore inhalation released from the soil. This once-endemic disease is steadily increasing in incidence, geographic location, and severity. The rare coccidioidomycosis cases requiring surgical intervention present unique challenges to anesthesia providers. This case repor...

CRITICALCARENURSE Vol 26, No. 3, JUNE 2006 43 sion of the bloodstream by micro organisms. However, a subset of critically ill patients have features characteristic of sepsis despite blood cultures that are repeatedly negative for microorganisms and no identified source of bacterial, fungal, or viral infection. Trauma, surgery, burns, and illnesses such as cancer and pneumonia can trigger the on...

Sepsis is a deadly disease characterized by an overwhelming release of inflammatory mediators and the activation of different types of cells. This altered state of cell activation, termed leukocyte reprogramming, contributes to patient outcome. However, the understanding of the process underlying sepsis and the role of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in sepsis remains to be elucidated. In this study...

Background: Zygomycoses are uncommon, frequently fatal diseases caused by fungi of the class Zygomycetes. The majority of human cases are caused by Mucorales (genus-rhizopus, mucor, and absidia) fungi. Renal involvement is uncommon and urine microscopy, pottasium hydroxide mount, and fungal cultures are frequently negative. Case Presentation: A twenty-one-year-old young unmarried lady presented...

Toll-like receptors play an important role in the host defense against microorganisms. Sepsis remains a common cause of mortality in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treated with intensive induction chemotherapy. The expression of TLRs and their association with the development of sepsis in patients with acute myeloid leukemia remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate ...

‘Empirical treatment of neonatal sepsis: are the current guidelines adequate?’1 makes recommendations for empirical antibiotic treatment of neonates based on voluntary surveillance data relating to blood culture isolates. The adverse effects of antibiotic treatment do not appear to have been considered and the recommendations do not differentiate between early and late sepsis. In 2010, the NPSA...

BACKGROUND Despite appropriate therapy, Candida bloodstream infections are associated with a mortality rate of approximately 40%. In animal models, impaired immunity due to T cell exhaustion has been implicated in fungal sepsis mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine potential mechanisms of fungal-induced immunosuppression via immunophenotyping of circulating T lymphocytes from pa...

Fungal infections represent a serious problem in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) worldwide. Preterm infants are a vulnerable population for major events and adverse sequelae from fungal sepsis. The primary fungus of concern in neonates is C. albicans, whose colonization is associated with devastating complication and high rate of mortality. Among the risk factors responsible for developme...