The atmospheric boundary layer and lower free atmosphere, or aerosphere, is increasingly important for human transportation, communication, environmental monitoring, and energy production. The impacts of anthropogenic encroachment into aerial habitats are not well understood. Insectivorous birds and bats are inherently valuable components of biodiversity and play an integral role in aerial trop...

This exercise shows students how to relate remotely sensible properties of coastal waters to variations in river discharge using on‐line data resources. Students can then test hypotheses about the effects of climate changes (drought and wet periods), anthropogenic impacts (urbanized, agricultural, or undeveloped watersheds), or seasonality on river discharges and their consequences, if any, on ...

The bioavailability of iron to microorganisms and its underlying mechanisms have far reaching repercussions to many natural systems and diverse fields of research, including ocean biogeochemistry, carbon cycling and climate, harmful algal blooms, soil and plant research, bioremediation, pathogenesis, and medicine. Within the framework of ocean sciences, short supply and restricted bioavailabili...

River science and management often require a design or reference discharge. The common (and sometimes unavoidable) use of such discharges may, however, obscure the fact that the magnitude and frequency of critical flows can differ due to various hydrological, geomorphological, and ecological criteria. Threshold stages and discharges were identified for six lower Brazos River, Texas gaging stati...

12 The Ground-Water Visualization application (GWVis) presents ground-water 13 data visually in order to educate the public on ground-water issues. It is 14 also intended for presentations to government and other funding agencies. 15 GWVis works with ground-water level elevation data collected or modeled 16 over a given time span, together with a matching fixed underlying terrain. 17 GWVis was ...

A foundational element in determining Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) is the determination of the relative impacts of point and nonpoint source impacts on the dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) of an impaired stream. It is not uncommon that the ultimate oxygen demand during a rain event can be greater than the effects of the fully permitted point source loading to the stream. Traditionally, ...

Total suspended sediments and the total dissolved solids (TDS) from three river gaging stations, near Delaware Water Gap, Riegelsville and Trenton on the Delaware River measured by the USGS were used to estimate the physical erosion, chemical weathering and total denudation rates of the Delaware River Basin. The denudation rates are 28 and 128 tons/km 2 /yr for the upper stream and downstream s...

This paper uses past hydrological records in northeastern Illinois to understand the e ects of urban development and climatic variability at di erent spatial scales in the Greater Chicago Area. A step increase in annual precipitation occurred in northeastern Illinois during 1965− 1972 according to climate records. Urbanization has occurred as a gradual process over the entire Greater Chicago Ar...

Physically based regional scale hydrologic modeling is gaining importance for planning and management of water resources. Calibration and validation of such regional scale model is necessary before applying it for scenario assessment. However, in most regional scale hydrologic modeling, flow validation is performed at the river basin outlet without accounting for spatial variations in hydrologi...

This paper presents a reconnaissance study of regional flood patterns in the United States, focusing on peak discharges at several recurrence intervals and characteristics of flood-causing rainfall. Because of an interest in flash floods, attention was restricted to watersheds between 10 and 200 km in area. Data were obtained from 130 stream gaging stations with a consistent 30-year period of r...