Environmental criminologists are at the vanguard of a growing interest in establishing the density or intensity of crime events around locations that are the target of crime prevention activities. The traditional approach has often been to count the number of crime events within a certain distance of the target site; however, this approach is fraught with methodological concerns. In this articl...

Major theorists have tended to equate peer-based delinquency and gang delinquency. Acceptance of this assumption hinders theoretical and empirical understanding of deviant youth cultures. Subcultural delinquency involves shared symbols-such as deviant values and speech-as well as behavior that is potentially noticeable by officials. Through the utilization of separate measures of shared symboli...

In this paper we study the performance of parallel job scheduling in a distributed system. A special type of scheduling called gang scheduling is considered. In gang scheduling jobs consist of a number of interacting tasks, which are scheduled to run simultaneously on distinct processors. Two gang scheduling policies are used to schedule parallel jobs for two different types of job parallelism....

Gangs’ territorial control affects the lives of residents in thousands neighborhoods across Latin America, particularly northern Central American countries. I argue that gang dominance constrains ability neighborhood to mobilize politically and consequently resist violence through institutionalized channels. Living gang-controlled results fewer incentives opportunities make political elites acc...