A lumped two-compartment mathematical model of respiratory mechanics incorporating gas exchange and pulmonary circulation is utilized to analyze the effects of square, descending and ascending inspiratory flow waveforms during mechanical ventilation. The effects on alveolar volume variation, alveolar pressure, airway pressure, gas exchange rate, and expired gas species concentration are evaluat...

When surgical emphysema is deliberately induced by injecting air under the skin, it exchanges gas with the tissues until the partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the subcutaneous bubbles and the surrounding tissue fluids are nearly equal. Samples drawn from such a gas depot were first analysed by Leconte and Demarquay (1859) and the method was later applied by other physiologists t...

The excess accumulation of water in lung interstitial or alveolar is called pulmonary edema which is caused by factors that upset the normal Starling balance in micro-circulation. Pulmonary edema disturbs the alveolar gas exchanges which are normally regulated by the respiratory system. Mathematical modelling of pulmonary edema may help to predict the lung conditions and the mechanisms involved...