OBJECTIVE The proper use of safety measures by welders is an important way of preventing and/or reducing a variety of health hazards that they are exposed to during welding. There is a lack of knowledge about hazards and personal protective equipments (PPEs) and the use of PPE among the welders in Nepal is limited. We designed a study to assess welders' awareness of hazards and PPE, and the use...

Abstract: Due to the expansion of high voltage Alternating Current (AC) power transmission lines and cathodically protected buried pipelines, it is becoming more and more difficult to construct them with enough safe distances between them. Thus, the pipelines are frequently exposed to induced AC interferences, which result in perturbation of Cathodic Protection (CP) due to AC corrosion. To s...

However, any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the DOE". Natural gas consumption in the US is expected to increase 50% within the next 20 years (Anderson and Driscoll, 2000). At the same time, the gas delivery infrastructure is rapidly aging. The Department of Energy has stated that ensuring n...

Mechanical pressure clamps are examples of innovative tools commonly used in the oil and gas industry for arresting leaks from damaged oil and gas pipelines. However, if leaks result from pipeline rupture, clamps are not usually recommended. It is therefore obvious that inspection of the leaking pipeline is very crucial in deciding the strategy for repair. For subsea pipelines where underwater ...

Oil pipeline construction and operation in mountainous areas have increased southwestern China, with oil consumption increasing. Such liquid pipelines laid continuously undulate along the terrain, resulting many large elevation difference pipe segments. Serious gas block problems often occur during commissioning process of these due to gas/air accumulation at high point pipe, which causes overp...

The increased demand for oil and gas places a burden on lands set aside for natural resource conservation. Oil and gas development alters the environment locally and on a much broader spatial scale depending on the intensity and extent of mineral resource extraction. The current increase in oil and gas exploration and production in the United States prompted an update of the number of pipelines...