Here we demonstrate a novel concept of liquid-in-gas droplet microfluidics by using gas flow as the continuous phase for the production of liquid droplets. Within a specially configured co-flow microfluidic tubing device, a flow of liquid phase has been continuously dispersed into another outer stream of gas phase, producing discrete and monodisperse microdroplets. This process is robust and we...

Prediction of viscosity of natural gas is an important parameter in the energy industries such as natural gas storage and transportation. In this study viscosity of different compositions of natural gas is modeled by using an artificial neural network (ANN) based on back-propagation method. A reliable database including more than 3841 experimental data of viscosity for testing and training of A...

We analyse the impact of online retailing on transportation gas emissions in a spatial duopoly with upstream suppliers. consider: (1) pure offline competition two physical retailers; and (2) online/offline competition, where an retailer competes against retailer. When suppliers are located city centre, lower under competition. However, when at endpoints, might increase emissions. This happens w...