Guanylyl cyclase C (GCC), the receptor for diarrheagenic bacterial heat-stable enterotoxins (STs), inhibits colorectal cancer cell proliferation by co-opting Ca(2+) as the intracellular messenger. Similarly, extracellular Ca(2+) (Ca(2+)(o)) opposes proliferation and induces terminal differentiation in intestinal epithelial cells. In that context, human colon cancer cells develop a phenotype cha...

Recent advances in nerve repair technology have focused on finding more biocompatible, non-toxic materials to imitate natural peripheral nerve components. In this study, casein protein cross-linked with naturally occurring genipin (genipin-cross-linked casein (GCC)) was used for the first time to make a biodegradable conduit for peripheral nerve repair. The GCC conduit was dark blue in appearan...

BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency is associated with smaller volume of optic chiasm in older adults, indicating a possible loss of the visual axons and their cellular bodies. Our objective was to determine whether vitamin D deficiency in older adults is associated with reduced thickness of the ganglion cell complex (GCC) and of the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL), as measured with high-definitio...

We discuss the ramifications of noisy and incomplete observations of network data on the existence of a giant connected component (GCC). The existence of a GCC in a random graph can be described in terms of a percolation process, and building on general results for classes of random graphs with specified degree distributions we derive percolation thresholds above which GCCs exist. We show that ...

Traditional nondeterministic programming constructs (Dijkstra guards, CCP [6] and deep guards [10]) do not allow operations which modify the runtime environment without committing to a particular alternative. Generalized committed choice (GCC) allows speculative computations across different alternatives to execute in parallel and isolation. Speculation implicitly forks an environment into sepa...

Game Theory is fundamentally and applicably addressed and incorporated to analyze the coverage problems in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) in this paper. GCC (Game-theoretical Complete Coverage) algorithm is used to ensure whole network coverage mainly through adjusting the covering range of nodes and controlling the network redundancy. Hereafter, by designing suitable cost and utility function ...

INTRODUCTION The prevalence of drug resistance in clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC; Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, United Arab Emirates [UAE]) countries was appraised using reports published between January 2002 and March 2013. METHODOLOGY A total of 11,393 tuberculosis (TB) isolates from the GCC were studied through published...

There is a false notion of existing available, abundant, and long lasting fuel energy in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Countries; with continual income return from its exports. This is not true as the sustainability of this income is questionable. Energy problems started to appear, and can be intensified in coming years due to continuous growth of energy demands and consumptions. The deman...

PURPOSE We studied the effects of age and intraocular pressure (IOP) on retinal nerve fiber layer (NFL) and macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness in normal eyes. METHODS Data from subjects from the multicenter Advanced Imaging for Glaucoma Study (AIGS) were analyzed. The data included yearly visits from the normal subjects in the AIGS study. Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography...

OBJECTIVE To compare the macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) with peripapillary retinal fiber layer (RNFL) thickness map in glaucoma suspects and patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Forty participants (20 glaucoma suspects and 20 glaucoma patients) were enrolled. Macular GCC and RNFL thickness maps were performed in both eyes of each participant in the same visit. The sensitivity and specificity o...