Begomoviruses are plant-infecting viruses, which are transmitted by the whitefly vector Bemisia tabaci. They have a genome of single-stranded DNA that consists of either a single (monopartite) or two components (bipartite) with a component size of approximately 2.8 kb. Many monopartite begomoviruses in the Old World have been found to be associated with betasatellite and alphasatellite molecule...

INTRODUCTION Despite the importance of curriculum analysis for internal refinement of a programme, the approach for such a step in under-described in the literature. This article describes the analysis of the medical curriculum at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Gezira (FMUG). This analysis is crucial in the era of innovative medical education since introducing new curricula and curricul...

Pollution is a major national and world problem. Industries, including sugar industry, represent one of the pollution causes. This study aims to evaluate the extent of pollution in waste-water (WW), plants, and soil caused by the sugar industry in Elgenaid area, Gezira State, central Sudan. Completely randomized design was adopted. Samples were collected from the factory WW, trees, and soil fro...