If medical journals and public health advocates are concerned with corporate conflicts of interest, inappropriate marketing to children, impotent self-regulation, and general flouting of the rules, why are we ignoring the alcohol industry? The crisis of confidence that surrounds the behavior and practices of Big Tobacco and Big Pharma [1,2]—bias in funded research, unsupported claims of benefit...

BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption causes an estimated 4% of the global disease burden, prompting governments to impose regulations to mitigate the adverse effects of alcohol. To assist public health leaders and policymakers, the authors developed a composite indicator-the Alcohol Policy Index-to gauge the strength of a country's alcohol control policies. METHODS AND FINDINGS The Index generates ...

background: statistics of alcohol use iran was investigated in the beginning of 2010 in mental, social health and addiction department of ministry of health. the findings showed that the alcohol use, especially in young people, is notable. hence a strategic plan or a policy document in alcohol use was needed to explain the main vision also provide countrywide strategies for all related domains ...

A defensive alliance in a graph G = (V,E) is a set of vertices S ⊆ V where for each v ∈ S, at least half of the vertices in the closed neighborhood of v are in S. A defensive alliance S is called global if every vertex in V (G) \S is adjacent to at least one member of the defensive alliance S. In this paper, we derive an upper bound to the size of the minimum global defensive alliances in star ...

REFERENCES 1. Lancet A. Framework convention on alcohol control [editorial]. Lancet 2007;370:1102. 2. Rehm J, Mathers C, Popova S, et al. Global burden of disease and injury and economic cost attributable to alcohol use and alcohol-use disorders. Lancet 2009;373:2223e33. 3. Baumberg B. The global economic burden of alcohol: a review and some suggestions. Drug Alcohol Rev 2006;25:537e51. 4. Cass...

An offensive alliance in a graph Γ = (V,E) is a set of vertices S ⊂ V where for every vertex v in its boundary it holds that the majority of vertices in v’s closed neighborhood are in S. In the case of strong offensive alliance, strict majority is required. An alliance S is called global if it affects every vertex in V \S, that is, S is a dominating set of Γ. The offensive alliance number ao(Γ)...

Let Γ = (V,E) be a simple graph. For a nonempty set X ⊆ V , and a vertex v ∈ V , δX(v) denotes the number of neighbors v has in X. A nonempty set S ⊆ V is a defensive k-alliance in Γ = (V,E) if δS(v) ≥ δS̄(v)+k, ∀v ∈ S. A defensive k-alliance S is called global if it forms a dominating set. The global defensive k-alliance number of Γ, denoted by γ k(Γ), is the minimum cardinality of a defensive ...

There is a growing need to provide treatment for cannabis users, yet engaging and maintaining this population in treatment is particularly difficult. Although past research has focused on the importance of therapeutic alliance on drug treatment outcomes, this is the first study to examine the dimensions of therapeutic alliance for cannabis users compared with users of alcohol or other drugs in ...

Let G be a connected graph with vertex set V (G) and edge set E(G). A (defensive) alliance in G is a subset S of V (G) such that for every vertex v ∈ S, |N [v]∩S| ≥ |N(v)∩(V (G)− S)|. The alliance partition number, ψa(G), was defined (and further studied in [11]) to be the maximum number of sets in a partition of V (G) such that each set is a (defensive) alliance. Similarly, ψg(G) is the maximu...

Thanks to the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI), the Vaccine Fund and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the global health community has made enormous progress in providing already existing vaccines to developing countries. However, there still exists a gap to develop vaccines for which there is no market in the Western world, owing to low economic incentives for the privat...