\\hen the diet of chicks contains 15% n-galactose, physical manifestations occur, particularly in female chicks, which include epileptiform seizures and death (1, 2). Galactose and uridine diphosphate galactose accumulate in blood and liver whereas uridine diphosphate glucose levels are greatly reduced (3). Toxicity of dietary galactose in excess has been attributed to n-glucose starvation (4) ...

In most organisms, the conversion of -D-galactose to the more metabolically useful glucose 1-phosphate is accomplished by the action of four enzymes that constitute the Leloir pathway (Scheme 1). In the first step of this pathway, -D-galactose is epimerized to -D-galactose by galactose mutarotase. The next step involves the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of -D-galactose by galactokinase to yield...

BACKGROUND Consumption of dairy products reduces risk of type 2 diabetes. Milk proteins and fats exhibit anti-diabetic properties but milk sugars have been studied little in this context. Galactose from milk lactose is readily converted to glycogen in the liver but its effects on insulin sensitivity have not been assessed. Prebiotic oligosaccharides from milk alter gut microbiota and can thereb...

Topper and Stetten (1) fed n-galactose-l-Cl4 by stomach tube to fasted rats and isolated glucose from the liver glycogen. About 90 per cent of the Cl4 was in C-l of the glucose unit of glycogen. They concluded that a direct epimerization of carbon 4 of the n-galactose occurred rather than a rupture of the carbon skeleton (1). However, any mechanism which removed C-l and which formed glycogen fr...

There are obvious analogies between disorders of intestinal amino-acid absorption and the more familiar anomalies of carbohydrate absorption. Both monosaccharides and free amino acids are important water-soluble nutrients which must be transported across the lipid-containing intestinal cell membrane by specific active transport processes involving concentration of the compounds within the cell ...

In most organisms, the conversion of -D-galactose to the more metabolically useful glucose 1-phosphate is accomplished by the action of four enzymes that constitute the Leloir pathway (Scheme 1). In the first step of this pathway, -D-galactose is epimerized to -D-galactose by galactose mutarotase. The next step involves the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of -D-galactose by galactokinase to yield...

The study investigated the role of adrenergic receptors in glucose, fructose-, and galactose- induced increases in intestinal glucose uptake. Experiments were carried out on fasted male anaesthetized Nigerian local dogs divided into seven groups (with five dogs per group). Group I dogs were administered normal saline and served as control. Dogs in groups II, III and IV were intravenously infuse...

To account for enhanced susceptibility to infection among galactosemics, the acute effects of D-galactose on metabolic and functional activities of phagocytic cells in vitro were investigated. Human and guinea pig polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) when incubated in medium containing 30 mM galactose displayed substantially less killing of Escherichia coli than when incubated in medium with 5 m...

Circumstantial evidence suggests that substitution of glucose or sucrose by the low-glycaemic index sugar galactose in the diet may lead to greater thermogenesis and/or fat oxidation. Using ventilated hood indirect calorimetry, we investigated, in twelve overnight-fasted adults, the resting energy expenditure (REE) and respiratory quotient (RQ) for 30 min before and 150 min after ingestion of 5...

Mitochondrial toxicity is increasingly being implicated as a contributing factor to many xenobiotic-induced organ toxicities, including skeletal muscle toxicity. This has necessitated the need for predictive in vitro models that are able to sensitively detect mitochondrial toxicity of chemical entities early in the research and development process. One such cell model involves substituting gala...