Sodium/D-glucose cotransport carriers solubilized from intestinal brush border membranes were purified and incorporated into liposomes made of soybean phospholipids, and transport properties of the reconstituted system were studied. The brush border membrane vesicles prepared from guinea pig small intestine were first treated with deoxycholate and papain in order to remove unnecessary membrane ...

Within 2-3 days of starvation, pronounced insulin resistance develops, possibly mediated by increased lipid load. Here, we show that one exercise bout increases mitochondrial fatty acid (FA) oxidation and reverses starvation-induced insulin resistance. Nine healthy subjects underwent 75-h starvation on two occasions: with no exercise (NE) or with one exercise session at the end of the starvatio...

Glucose transport kinetics and mRNA levels of different glucose transporters were determined in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains expressing different sugar kinases. During exponential growth on glucose, a hxk2 null strain exhibited high-affinity hexose transport associated with an elevated transcription of the genes HXT2 and HXT7, encoding high-affinity transporters, and a diminished expression...

GLUCOSE UPTAKE AND GLYCOGEN SYNTHESIS Insulin stimulates both glucose transport and glycogen synthesis; however, these actions sometimes occur in a disconnected manner. Current models for the mechanism of action for insulin, for which the dominant paradigm involves the activity of the insulin receptor Tyr kinase and its primary Tyr phosphorylated substrates—the insulin receptor substrate (IRS) ...

OBJECTIVE We determined whether muscle AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has a role in the development of insulin resistance. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Muscle-specific transgenic mice expressing an inactive form of the AMPK alpha2 catalytic subunit (alpha2i TG) and their wild-type littermates were fed either a high-fat (60% kcal fat) or a control (10% kcal fat) diet for 30 weeks. RESULT...

Fetal macronutrient requirements for oxidative metabolism and growth are met by placental transport of glucose, amino acids, and, to a lesser extent that varies with species, fatty acids. It is becoming possible to relate the maternal-fetal transport kinetics of these molecules in vivo to the expression and distribution of specific transporters among placental cell types and subcellular membran...

Biochemical data and genomic analysis indicate the involvement of a putative ABC transporter for glucose transport in Pseudomonas putida CSV86. The periplasmic solute binding proteins are known to confer substrate specificity to the ABC transporters by binding specifically to the substrate and transferring them to their cognate inner membrane transport assembly. Periplasmic glucose binding prot...

Primary bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMEC) were cultured in media containing varying concentrations of glucose, to determine the effects of glucose availability on glucose transport and its mechanism in bovine mammary gland. The BMEC incubated with 10 and 20 mM glucose had twofold greater glucose uptake than that with 2.5 mM glucose (P < 0.05). Increased glucose availability enhanced the ce...

In summary, this study characterized the biphasic inhibition of fat cell glucose transport by the lipolytic agents caffeine and theophylline. Like the lipolytic drug forskolin, both methylxanthines produced an immediate inhibition of glucose transport that was not seen with 8-phenyltheophylline, a pure adenosine receptor antagonist. The immediate inhibition was therefore not mediated by the ade...

Antibodies raised against a 52 kDa rat liver microsomal glucose-transport protein were used to screen a rat liver cDNA library. Six positive clones were isolated. Two clones were found to be identical with the liver plasma-membrane glucose-transport protein termed GLUT 2. The sequence of the four remaining clones indicates that they encode a unique microsomal facilitative glucose-transport prot...