A large literature has described the years after independence from colonial rule as a period of ‘departicipation’. Africa’s new rulers – whether driven by personal venality or sincere commitment to nation-building swiftly gave up on elections, at best held elections that, denying choice, left violence central dynamic African politics. This article draws cases Kenya, Ghana and Uganda in late 196...

The term “reform” has been subjected to much confusion and intellectual tampering by some of those defeated Western civilization. So they emptied the reform its legal content made it a cover for (distortion religion) (nullification Sharia); Until (reform) arouses suspicion, apprehension anxiety among general public Muslims.There is no doubt that righteousness goal required servants in belief, w...

Two chitosan samples (medium molecular weight (MMCHI) and low molecular weight (LMCHI)) were investigated as an enzyme immobilization matrix for the fabrication of a glucose biosensor. Chitosan membranes prepared from acetic acid were flexible, transparent, smooth and quick-drying. The FTIR spectra showed the existence of intermolecular interactions between chitosan and glucose oxidase (GOD). H...

This study examined the effect of civil servants’ Self-Directed Learning Readiness (SDLR) and network literacy on their online learning effectiveness in a web-based training program. Participants were 283 civil servants enrolled in an asynchronous online learning program through an e-learning portal provided by the Regional Civil Service Development Institute in Taiwan. Data were collected via ...

School teaching is regarded as a stressful occupation. The present study aimed to compare the likelihood of having minor psychiatric disorders (MPD) among school teachers with that among civil servants, and to investigate what factors were specifically associated with MPD in teachers. We conducted a questionnaire-based survey of 403 teachers employed at state schools and 611 civil servants as a...

By reaching perfection and closeness to God the source of light existence, man can benefit from his endless mercy. Almighty is absolute perfection, nearness main goal creation. Considering that those who are not do have anything their own, whatever God’s servants originally belongs him, closer people get God, more they will Therefore, in work environment, this appears form spiritual intelligenc...

Despite the cultural ubiquity of ideas and images related to God, relatively little is known about the effects of exposure to God representations on behavior. Specific depictions of God differ across religions, but common to most is that God is (a) an omnipotent, controlling force and (b) an omniscient, all-knowing being. Given these 2 characteristic features, how might exposure to the concept ...

Welcome to the final installment of our series covering the new CORBA Portable Object Adapter (POA) specification. The POA allows servers to (1) generate and interpret object references, (2) activate and deactivate servants, (3) demultiplex requests to map object references onto their corresponding servants, and (4) collaborate with the automaticallygenerated IDL skeletons to invoke operations ...

Violent people often claim that God sanctions their actions. In two studies, participants read a violent passage said to come from either the Bible or an ancient scroll. For half the participants, the passage said that God sanctioned the violence. Next, participants competed with an ostensible partner on a task in which the winner could blast the loser with loud noise through headphones (the ag...