We examine the effects of coordinated trade-tax reforms and isolated tariff reforms on market access, government revenue and welfare for a small monetary economy, under the assumption that a certain fraction of purchases of each good must be financed with cash held in advance. Moreover, we allow for this fraction of purchases to vary across markets, in the sense that the required amount of mone...

Public administration has enormous implications for government’s capacity to cope with both internal and external pressure. China’s old-fashioned ruling style has not been able to meet the nation’s development needs. Since the early 1980s, China has launched six administrative reforms in order to solve the socioeconomic problems associated with rapid economic development. The ve completed refor...

We analyse nine low-income and lower-middle-income countries in Africa and Asia that have implemented national health insurance reforms designed to move towards universal health coverage. Using the functions-of-health-systems framework, we describe these countries' approaches to raising prepaid revenues, pooling risk, and purchasing services. Then, using the coverage-box framework, we assess th...

The Polish Growth Miracle: Outcome of Persistent Reform Efforts Since the beginning of transition in 1990 from a centrally planned to a market oriented economy, the performance of Poland’s economy has been outstanding if we take GDP growth as our measure. It is not specific reforms that can explain this performance but the radical (“big bang”) reforms at the beginning of transition in conjuncti...

This paper focuses on the balance between central governmental control, autonomy for health care institutions and (quasi)-market mechanisms by examining recent health care reforms in Norway, Denmark and United Kingdom. The reforms involve strengthening of overall central government control, simultaneously representing a decentralized system of management and business-like mechanisms to ensure p...

In this paper, we will explore the way in which an e-Government policy takes shape. First, we will analyse the three core ingredients of e-Government: technology, back-office reforms and front-office applications. Second, we will look at two theoretical models of policy development (the rational policy model and the incremental policy model) and we will discuss the consequences of these policy ...

This paper evaluates performance differences between government owned, mixed sector and private sector enterprises in India for the period 1973–1974 to 1988–1989. The results establish that enterprises owned by the central government and state governments are less efficient than mixed or private sector enterprises, while mixed sector enterprises are less efficient than those in the private sect...

Since the adoption of the Doi Moi (renovation) policy, the Vietnamese economy has continued to register high growth in the transition to a market-oriented economy. As a result, poverty incidence decreased from 58% in 1993 to 29% in 2002. Still, a large number of people are living at the near-poverty level. As the majority of them depend on unstable income from farming, they are vulnerable to na...