[1] An economical approach to improving predictions of hydrological models produced highly accurate representations of ephemeral and perennial stream networks. Traditional drainage network extraction from digital elevation models (DEMs) often yields inaccurate and inconsistent results because of elevation errors. Topographic wetness index maps calculated from alternative terrain representations...

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is becoming more attractive navigation means for LEO spacecraft due to the data accuracy and convenience for utilization. The anomalies such as serious variations of Dilution-Of-Precision (DOP), loss of infrequent 3-dimensional position fix, and deterioration of instantaneous accuracy of position and velocity data could be observed, which have not been appear...

This paper describes the design and testing of an aperture-coupled circularly polarized antenna for global positioning satellite (GPS) applications. The antenna operates at both the L1 and L2 frequencies of 1575 and 1227 MHz, which is required for differential GPS systems in order to provide maximum positioning accuracy. Electrical performance, lowprofile, and cost were equally important requir...

Global positioning system (GPS) is also known as Navigation System with Time and Ranging Global Positioning System (NAVSTAR) GPS. Originally designed for military purposes, GPS is being increasingly used by civilians for various applications like marine navigation, surveying, car navigation. Signals made available for civilian use, known as the Standard Positioning Service (SPS) can be freely a...

EGNOS the European complement to the GPS and GLONASS systems is operating navigation payloads flown on geostationary satellites. Its role is to augment the performance of the GPS and GLONASS systems by improving their service integrity and the accuracy of their measurements. These two systems were originally designed for military purposes and their services were subsequently offered to civilian...

Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) applications such as congestion and traffic management employ Global Positioning Systems (GPS) technology to collect positioning data in two or three dimensions of events, incidents, or vehicles. This information is integrated with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to determine the roadway upon which events and incidents occur, point features such as t...

This paper deals with the implementation of an intelligent bus monitoring system based on current challenges and problems. Home network based applications are very diverse and the remote monitoring and control areas have been studied. Recently, Zig-Bee has become one of the most promising technologies for home networks and integrated sensing technologies such as global positioning system (GPS),...

The concept of using the steering angle sensor to enhance positioning accuracy during Global Positioning System (GPS) outages is the focus of this article. This development of a GPS Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems Inertial Measurement Unit (MEMS IMU) steering angle sensor vehicular positioning system is discussed in detail including the error dynamics and measurement models as well as integrat...

Global Positioning Systems (GPS) are satellite-based navigation systems that utilize a network of earth orbiting satellites. GPS operates well under any weather condition and does not require a subscription fee. GPS is a crucial component of precision agriculture by providing precise location information with very high repeatability. In recent years, GPS have improved in their level of performa...

As functional integration has increased in hand-held consumer devices features such as Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers have been embedded in increasingly more devices in recent years. For example, the train positioning system based on GPS provides an integrated positioning solution which can be used in many rail applications without a cost intensive infrastructure. The network built i...