This paper presents a consumer oriented approach, using a grey relational analysis (GRA), neural networks (NNs), and a tabu search (TS) algorithm, to determining the best combination of product form design. The GRA model is used to identify the most influential elements of product form. The NN model is used in conjunction with the GRA model, in order to predict and suggest the best form design ...

Purpose – The relationship between energy consumption (EC) and economic growth is a well-known and more studied subject in literature. In this study, Turkey’s EC and gross domestic product (GDP) relation is analyzed. The aim of this study is to find out the relative importance of energy components on GDP for Turkey. Hence, the authors can make some strategic implications up to the importance of...

Granzyme A (GrA) is a serine protease produced in cytotoxic lymphocytes, lung epithelial cells (alveolar type-II cells), and alveolar macrophages. In the present study, recombinant rat GrA (rGrA) was found to cause rounding and detachment of an alveolar type-II epithelial cell line, A549. Also, rGrA stimulated release of a neutrophil chemoattractant, interleukin-8, from the cells, via a mechani...

Undesired wall thickness distribution and flanging cracking easily occur in reverse drawing–flanging combined processes of steel spokes when improper process parameters are used. Thus, based on GRA (grey relational analysis) and FEM (finite element method), a GRA model for a reverse drawing–flanging combined process for high strength steel B550CL spoke was established and validated. The results...

Decision makers sometimes tend to express their preferences in intuitionistic fuzzy form. Based on evidence theory and grey relational analysis (GRA) technique, this paper aims at investigating multiple attribute decision making problems, in which both attribute values and weight values take the form of intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (IFNs). To this end, each intuitionistic fuzzy evaluation ratin...

Hypothesis tests for the presence of new sources of Poisson counts amidst background processes are frequently performed in high energy physics (HEP), gamma ray astronomy (GRA), and other branches of science. While there are conceptual issues already when the mean rate of background is precisely known, the issues are even more difficult when the mean background rate has non-negligible uncertaint...

18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GRA) is a pharmacologically active component of licorice root with documented immunomodulatory properties. We reported that GRA administered orally to mice induces B cell recruitment to isolated lymphoid follicles (ILF) in the small intestine and shortens the duration of rotavirus antigen shedding. ILF are dynamic lymphoid tissues in the gut acquired post-natally upon c...

PURPOSE To analyze the findings for Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions (EOEA) and suppression effect in workers with normal hearing exposed to pesticides and noise . METHODS The sample consisted of 55 participants with normal hearing, with ages ranging from 18 to 35 years, divided into two groups: one group exposed to noise and pesticides (GRA) and a control group (CG). The GRA was composed of 25 p...