Classification of Adrenal Cortical Disorders Lesions of the adrenals frequently cause disturbance of endocrine function. Various clinical syndromes may result, depending on whether the secretion is increased or diminished and, when it is increased, which hormones predominate. The lesions and syndromes may be classified as follows: A. WITH DISTURBANCE OF CORTICAL FUNCTION i. Increased Secretion:...

the present study investigated the effect of iranian university entrance examinations and the high school grade point average (hsgpa) on agriculture students' achievement. the population included 598 admitted students at the faculties of agriculture and natural resources, university of tehran. the specific variables of the study included college grade point average (cgpa) and average of major f...

Virilization is most often the reflection of a serious underlying condition. Diagnosis and management should be prompt, thorough, and comprehensive. Hirsutism is the manifestation of a variety of disorders. It may be associated with serious acute medical conditions, chronic disorders, or idiopathic. The diagnosis should be methodical and adjusted to the nature of the clinical presentation. Seve...

In this article, we review criminological perspectives of girls’ violence. To do this, we first look at the 20th-century tendency to view violent girls as being the same as violent boys or as taking up dangerous types of masculinity. Second, we consider the contemporary ways that researchers have tried to move beyond male-centered and masculinized explanations of female violence. Noting potenti...

Hyperostosis cranii or metabolic craniopathy was first recognised as an essential part of Morgagni’s syndrome of virilism, obesity and hyperostosis frontalis. It is a syndrome of uncertain origin which was believed to occur almost exclusively in middle aged and elderly women. More recently it has been shown to occur in younger women and rarely to occur in men. The syndrome is characterised by t...

Virilising ovarian tumours are a rare cause of hyperandrogenism in women, accounting for less than 5% of all ovarian neoplasms. It occurs most often in - and postmenopausal women. We report a case of a 64 year-old woman with signs of virilisation that had started 3 years before. Blood hormone analysis revealed increased levels of testosterone, and 17-hydroxyprogesterone. The tetracosactin test ...

The Drosophila sex pheromone cVA elicits different behaviors in males and females. First- and second-order olfactory neurons show identical pheromone responses, suggesting that sex genes differentially wire circuits deeper in the brain. Using in vivo whole-cell electrophysiology, we now show that two clusters of third-order olfactory neurons have dimorphic pheromone responses. One cluster respo...

Virilism is the masculinization and enhancement of male secondary sexual characteristics in females. The etiology is usually of adrenal or ovarian origin. Here we report a case of virilizing Leydig cell type, steroid cell tumor of the left ovary, in a 40 year old female who presented with clinical signs and symptoms of virilization: deepening of voice, hirsutism (Ferriman-Gallwey score 26), cli...