During early phases of open-pit mining production planning many parameters are uncertain, and since the mining operation is performed only once, any evaluations based only on on average outcomes neglects the very real chance of obtaining an outcome that is below average. Taking into account also that operation costs are considerable and the mining horizon usually extends over several decades it...

background: hepatitis activity index (hai) and fibrosing stage are two important findings during the evaluation of liver samples in patients with chronic hepatitis b. the aim of this study was to determine the hai and fibrosing stage in patients with anti-hbe positive chronic hepatitis b. methods: liver biopsy slides of 72 patients were evaluated at the department of pathology in two teaching h...

background : cd117 is a thyrosin kinase receptor encoded by c-kit proto-oncogene. it is expressed during normal development in some tissues and also in a subset of neoplasia especially gastrointestinal stromal tumors   (gists). treatment with thyrosin kinase inhibitors (e.g., imatinib) is useful in cd117- positive gists. the goal of this study is to investigate the expression of cd117 in glial ...

abstract background and aim: the intolerance of uncertainty model was initially developed as an explanation for worry within the context of generalized anxiety disorder. however, recent research has identified intolerance of uncertainty (iu) as a transdiagnostic maintaining factor across the anxiety disorders. the aim of the present study was to compare the intolerance of uncertainty in patient...

International Organization of StandardGuide to the expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (ISO-GUM)[1] was published as guidance for making a measurement result into an assurance performance by ISO in 1993 and in 1995 corrected. ISO has inquired by adding new thinking to the conventional method. To apply the GUM approached two main assumptions must hold. One is used expression of uncertainty ...

Mathematical-analytical methods as used in Operations Research approaches are often insufficient for scheduling problems. This is due to three reasons: The combinatorial complexity of the search space, conflicting objectives for production optimization, and the uncertainty in the production process. Knowledgebased techniques, especially approximate reasoning and constraint relaxation, are promi...

This case study utilizes a value of information decision framework to provide mine managers guidance regarding the purchase of ore grade scanners. LKAB’s Kiruna mine produces three types of iron ore to meet long-term contractual agreements on a monthly basis. There is a priori uncertainty regarding the ore type in any given mineable section of the orebody. In addition, there is extracted ore ty...

Grey numbers facilitate the representation of uncertainty not only for elements of a set, but also the set itself as a whole. This paper utilizes the notion of possibility degree from grey system theory coupled with the idea of dominance relation and partial order set (poset) from rough theory to represent uncertain information in a manner that maintains the degree of uncertainty of information...

Rough set theory is a relative new tool that deals with vagueness and uncertainty inherent in decision making. This paper introduce a new probabilistic approach for reducing dimensions and extracting rules of information systems using expert systems. The core of the approach is a soft hybrid induction system called the Generalized Distribution Table and Rough Set System (GDT-RS) for discovering...