Let $G$ be a monoid with identity $e$. In this paper, first we introduce the notions of $G$-graded hyperrings, graded hyperideals and graded hyperfields in the sense of Krasner hyperring $R$. Also, we define the notion of a greded $R$-hypermodules and some examples are presented. Then we investigate graded maximal, graded prime and graded primary hyperideals of a graded hyperring $R$. Finally, ...

the efficacy of genre-based approach to teaching writing has been regarded as an influential practice in l2 writing pedagogy (hyland, 2007). however, there is still gap between actual structures found in reading materials recommended as textbooks and discourse patterns recommended for l2 writing in efl contexts, the gap which would highlight the problems of genre and rhetorical patterns for tea...

Some previous studies (e.g. that carried out by Van Bruggen et al. in 2004) have pointed to a need for additional research in order to firmly establish the usefulness of LSA (latent semantic analysis) parameters for automatic evaluation of academic essays. The extreme variability in approaches to this technique makes it difficult to identify the most efficient parameters and the optimum combina...

BACKGROUND Medical students and doctors are becoming better prepared to care for patients with palliative care needs and support patients at the end of life. This preparation needs to start at medical school. OBJECTIVE To assess how medical students learn about death, dying and palliative care during a clinical placement using reflective essays and to provide insights to improve medical educa...

This paper describes tests of an automated essay grader and critic that uses Latent Semantic Analysis. Several methods which score the quality of the content in essays are described and tested. These methods are compared against human scores for the essays and the results show that LSA can score as accurately as the humans. Finally, we describe the implementation of the essay grader/critic in a...

This article describes how a group of Iranian upper-intermediate EFL learners were guided through the practice of writing their first academic essays in English. The method applied the principle of scaffolding to the essay writing process by providing flexible support for the learners during the writ- ing their first essays. Scaffolding included a number of aspects, each of which is explained i...