sudarshan churna (sc) is very potent ayurvedic medicine ; composed of 42 medicinal plants, which is used traditionally in treatment of malaria, viral fever, and bacterial infection. the present study was designated to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of aqueous extract of sudarshan churna (asc) using the paper disc diffusion method. the asc was found active against the gram-negative bacteria...

Lysis by KOH and hydrolysis of L-alanine-4-nitroanilide were compared with the Gram reaction of aerobic, microaerophilic, and anaerobic bacteria. Both tests correlated well with the Gram reaction with nonfermentative bacilli and Bacillus species, whereas they did not correlate with nonsporulating anaerobes. Only campylobacteria were KOH positive and L-alanine-4-nitroanilide and gram negative.

Intestinal bacteria were classified as gram-positive or gram-negative by an electrode system with a basal plane pyrolytic graphite electrode and a porous nitrocellulose membrane filter to trap bacteria. When the potential of the graphite electrode was run in the range of 0 to 1.0 V versus the saturated calomel electrode (SCE), gram-positive bacteria gave peak currents at 0.65 to 0.69 V versus t...

Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and IL-12 are two cytokines secreted by monocytes/macrophages in response to bacterial products which have largely opposite effects on the immune system. IL-12 activates cytotoxicity and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) secretion by T cells and NK cells, whereas IL-10 inhibits these functions. In the present study, the capacities of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria to...

The dnaK operon from Bacillus subtilis and other Gram-positive bacteria with low G + C DNA content contains additional heat-shock genes, including hrcA. The hrcA gene encodes a transcription factor that negatively regulates heat-shock genes and is uniformly present in all Gram-positive bacteria studied to date. An hrcA homologue is also present in Synechocystis species, Leptospira interrogans, ...

the chemical composition of essential oils isolated from the leaves of cosmos bipinnatus and its antibacterial activity were analyzed by gc-ms and microbroth dilution assay respectively. the essential oil extracted from this plant was predominantly composed of monoterpenes (69.62%) and sesquiterpenes (22.73%). the antibacterial assay showed that the oil had significant inhibitory effects agains...

DNA mismatch repair (MMR) is responsible for correcting errors formed during DNA replication. DNA polymerase errors include base mismatches and extra helical nucleotides referred to as insertion and deletion loops. In bacteria, MMR increases the fidelity of the chromosomal DNA replication pathway approximately 100-fold. MMR defects in bacteria reduce replication fidelity and have the potential ...