This study explored the effects of learning activities which encouraged positive crosslinguistic influence from L2 Spanish to L1 English grammar in young learners. The learners (N = 82) were studying as their compulsory foreign language at an state primary school UK. As part ten timetabled classes over a period six months, 40 pupils, aged 10–11, engaged self-study involving aspects grammar. inc...

The emergence of Industrial Revolution 4.0 targets challenging the norm and pushing boundaries. Hence, educational institutions are expected to embrace a few methods adopt technology as part their instructional strategies. incorporation can nurture students' motivation learn English, particularly grammar. While game-based grammar learning provides motivation, enjoyment, acquisition knowledge, t...

This study aimed to investigate the relative effectiveness of consciousness-raising tasks and structure-based production tasks in comparison with the traditional teaching in learning comparative and superlative forms, following a task-based approach to teaching English grammar. To this end, from among 82 female elementary-level high school students having taken a Solutions Placement Test (2010)...

Computationally feasible accounts of complex linguistic phenomena (such as discontinuity, ellipsis, etc.) usually require additional, complex grammatical resources together with parsing heuristics to mitigate computational overhead. We claim that certain kinds of knowledge usually expressed as heuristics can be seen as declarative grammar knowledge if a default interpretation is given to gramma...

Preparation of knowledge bank is a very difficult task. In this paper, we discuss the knowledge extraction from the manually examined Sinica Treebank. Categorical information, word-to-word relation, word collocations, new syntactic patterns and sentence structures are obtained. A searching system for Chinese sentence structure was developed in this study. By using pre-extracted data and SQL com...