Many studies suggest that detecting statistical regularities in linguistic input plays a key role language acquisition. Although learning is not necessarily implicit nature, it often defined as happens without awareness. This article investigates whether young children indeed implicit, assumed. We trained 63 kindergarteners on miniature and assessed using picture-matching task. used an opt-out ...

undoubtedly the holy quran is a unique book in arabic language, eloquently and rhetorically. its words are a pure collection of arabic literature. all poets, jurisprudents and philosophers believe it as a master art. it is a permanent treasure of arabic and for it many sciences have been generated. it kept the arabic language active and dynamic during ups and downs of the history. it also conta...

This study investigated the effects of planned focus-on-form instruction (pFFI) on developing oral grammatical accuracy in Iranian English EFL learners. To this end, 60 lower-intermediate EFL learners studying English in a private English language institute in Tehran, Iran, were randomly assigned to two classes. Both classes received a task-based instruction on grammatical points elicited in or...

language, science and politics go together and learning these genres is to learn a language created for codifying, extending and transmitting scientific and political knowledge. grammatical metaphor is divided into two broad areas: ideational and interpersonal.this paper focuses on the first type i.e. ideational grammatical metaphor (igm), which includes process types and nominalization.  the m...

second language  learners often develop grammatical competence in the absence of concomitant pragmatic competence (kasper & roever, 2005) and the exact nature of the relationship between the two competences is still indistinct and in need of inquiries ( bardovi-harlig, 1999; khatib & ahmadisafa, 2011). this study is a partial attempt to address the lacuna and aims to see if any relation...

In formulating grammatical descriptions, there is a natural and understandable tendency to focus solely on synchronic structural elements, based on the quite reasonable assumptions that structure is crucial to grammar and that coherent descriptions are possible only for one stage of a language at a time. Thus diachrony becomes irrelevant and extraneous to the goal of typology, under that view. ...

The present paper, framed within the ECTS scheme currently being piloted at the University of Jaén, reports on a study carried out in the second semester of the academic year 2004-5 with English Philology freshmen at this University. One of its aims, described in an initial section of the paper, was to determine whether the use of Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL), and DataDriven Learn...

Metalinguistic awareness is the ability to attend to, and reflect upon, the properties of a language. Metalinguistic awareness is often assessed using tasks of phonological and syntactical awareness (see, e.g., Bialystok & Herman, 1999; Bowey, 1990; McGuiness, 2005, for reviews). Tests of phonological awareness usually require the analysis of sounds in words, whereas tests of syntactical awaren...