Background Inflammation of the orbital connective tissue, extraocular muscles and upper eyelids occurs in about 40% of patients with Graves hyperthyroidism [Graves Ophthalmopathy (GO)] while mild eye signs including upper eyelid retraction are found in as many as 25% of patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis and, occasionally, transient thyroiditis. Some workers have proposed a relationship betwee...

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the percentage of CD4+/CD8+ peripheral T cells expressing CD62L+ and CD54+ in patients with Graves' disease and to assess if these estimations could be helpful as markers of active ophthalmopathy. The study was carried out in 25 patients with Graves' disease (GD) divided into 3 groups: 1/ 8 patients with active Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) (CAS 3-6, GO co...

Severe Graves' ophthalmopathy constitutes a complex therapeutic challenge and treatment outcome often is not satisfactory. Established methods of treatment include high-dose glucocorticoids, orbital radiotherapy and orbital decompression. Recently, the use of intravenous glucocorticoids has been shown to provide more favorable results than oral glucocorticoids. Novel treatments under investigat...

AIMS To determine the effectiveness and safety of three wall orbital decompression by the coronal approach in Graves' ophthalmopathy. METHODS The records of 125 patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy, who had undergone three wall orbital decompression by coronal approach between April 1984 and October 1993, were studied retrospectively. Special attention was paid to proptosis reduction, changes...

Graves’ ophthalmopathy is a debilitating disease impairing the quality of life of the affected individuals. Despite recent progress in the understanding of its pathogenesis, treatment is often not sa ­ tisfactory. In mild cases, local therapeutic measures (artificial tears and ointments, sunglasses, nocturnal eyes taping, prisms) can con­ trol symptoms and signs. In severe forms of the disease,...

Studies on thyrotropin receptor autoantibodies (TRAb) by measurement of both thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb) and thyrotropin-binding inhibitory immunoglobulins (TBII) in serum from children with Graves' disease are limited in number of studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of serum TSAb and TBII in children with Graves' disease, and to evaluate the clinical signific...

BACKGROUND An association between radioiodine therapy (RAI) for Graves' disease (GD) and the development or worsening of Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) is widely quoted but there has been no systematic review of the evidence. AIMS We undertook a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess whether RAI for GD is associated with increased risk of ophthalmopathy compared with ...

Clinical aspects, laboratory investigation, and treatment of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism are reviewed in light of recent information. Special circumstances, such as hyperthyroidism during pregnancy, Graves ophthalmopathy, iodine-induced hyperthyroidism, and subclinical hypothyroidism, are also considered.

we determined the frequency of clinical thyroid ophthalmopathy in iranian patients. this cross-sectional study was performed at the endocrinology institute of tehran university of medical sciences. all patients with documented thyroid disorders from september 2003 to july 2005 were recruited. eye examinations included evaluation of soft tissue changes, measurement of proptosis, lid width, lagop...