BACKGROUND Adenomyosis is a common benign disorder in pre-menopausal women that presents with uterine enlargement, pelvic pain, heavy menstrual bleeding, and dysmenorrhea. However, its risk factors have not been clearly determined. The aim of this study was to determine whether prior uterine surgery is a risk factor for adenomyosis. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we reviewed the medic...

We conducted a field study in an area of endemic malaria transmission in western Kenya to determine whether mosquitoes that feed on gametocyte-infected blood but do not become infected have reduced or enhanced fecundity in comparison to mosquitoes fed on uninfected blood. Fifteen paired membrane-feeding experiments were conducted in which two strains of Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes were simulta...

BACKGROUND Plasmodium falciparum parasites that cause malaria in pregnancy express unique variant surface antigens (VSAs). Levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody to pregnancy-associated VSAs measured at delivery are gravidity dependent, and they have been associated with protection from disease. It is not known how these IgG responses develop in pregnant women receiving intermittent preventi...

Nausea with or without vomiting (NVP) is probably the most frequently reported medical complaint of pregnancy, but few studies have considered risk factors for its development. We used data from an ongoing epidemiological study of pregnancies in four regional centres. Mothers of infants with congenital malformations (n = 17,158) and a sample of normal infants (n = 5,329) were interviewed within...

Introduction: Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is not only one of the leading causes maternal mortality but also most feared complication amongst obstetricians. Despite various predictive factors, PPH can occur in low risk pregnancies without factors. Application sponge holding forceps vaginally invariably stop bleeding, to prevention serious consequences. Aims & Objectives: To determine proport...

background: we examined whether pregnant women with preeclampsia have an increased rate of pre-pregnancy polycystic ovary syndrome (pcos). this study also evaluated whether the association, if any, was a result of preeclampsia and its relationship to pcos or dependent upon concurrent obesity. materials and methods: in this study, 75 preeclampsia cases and 225 normotensive pregnant controls, mat...

Successful vaginal birth after cesarean section is more comfortable than repeat emergency or elective cesarean section. Antenatal examinations are important in selection for trial of labor, while birth management can be difficult when the patients present at emergency condition. But there is an increased chance of vaginal birth with advanced cervical dilation. This study attempts to evaluate fa...

BACKGROUND Hyperemesis gravidarum (HEG) is one of the many problems during pregnancy; its etiology has not been clearly understood. Inflammatory factors like helicobacter pylori infection has been considered as a risk factor in some studies. The purpose of the present study is to find a relationship between Helicobacter Pylori (H.P) infection and hyperemesis gravidarum (HEG). METHODS A case c...

BACKGROUND In pregnancy-associated malaria (PAM), Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes (IEs) express variant surface antigens (VSA-PAM) that evade existing immunity and mediate placental sequestration. Antibodies to VSA-PAM develop with gravidity and block placental adhesion or opsonize IEs for phagocytic clearance, helping to prevent maternal anemia and low birth weight in infants. ME...