In this article a brief review of the literature on the subject is cited. The method of analysis by a finite element program is discussed in which the effect of different influential parameters are examined. The results of these computations are then compared to the corresponding empirical data and two other existing formulae for two dimensional cases. The comparisons show quite reliable and ac...

a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: Macroscopic charcoal Fire Paleoecology Pollen Anthropogenic burning CharAnalysis Euro-American settlement Willamette Valley Oregon Washington High-resolution macroscopic charcoal and pollen analyses were used to reconstruct the fire and vegetation history of the Willamette Valley for the last 1200 years. Presented in this paper are three new paleoecological recon...

western parts of the chaharmahal and bakhtiyari province (ardal county) due to containing high mountains, deep valleys and small intermountain plains as well as the placement in the path of the nomads have long been of interest to humans. the nomadic communities of the mountainous regions of chaharmahal va bakhtiyari culturally interacted with the lowland areas of fars and khuzestan's plai...

Frontier malaria is a biological, ecological, and sociodemographic phenomenon operating over time at three spatial scales (micro/individual, community, and state and national). We explicate these linkages by integrating data from remote sensing surveys, ground-level surveys and ethnographic appraisal, focusing on the Machadinho settlement project in Rondônia, Brazil. Spatially explicit analyses...