semiarid regions with their exceptional weather conditions, low precipitation, and high evapotranspiration pose a great challenge to water resources managers. one possible way to face this challenge is the conjunctive use of both surface water and groundwater resources in these regions. this paper proposes a conjunctive use model which has been implemented in najafabad plain in central iran. th...

This study has three objectives, i.e calculating the availability of groundwater in area, water demand for domestic and livestock evaluating safe yield extraction. To achieve these availability, actual utilization are calculated. Groundwater is calculated based on multiplication aquifer thickness specific yield. Water determined base number population amount each person day. consumption day, wh...

• excavating and removing all contaminated soil and disposing of the soil in an environmentally sound manner; • covering the site with a blanket of uncontaminated soil and installing a runoff control and drainage system to limit the potential contamination of surface water or groundwater; • other in-situ treatment methods that involve complex physical and/or chemical neutralization or extractio...

A procedure was developed for the analysis of estrogens in environmental water and effluents. Samples were extracted by passing through polymer-impregnated solid-phase extraction discs or C18 cartridges, followed by gas chromatography-negative chemical ionisation mass spectrometry of the pentafluorobenzoyl derivatives. The derivatives were stable and gave diagnostic negative molecular ions as t...

Solid phase extraction using a mini cartridge packed with 22 mg of chelate resin immobilizing carboxymethylated pentaethylenehexamine was successfully utilized for separation/preconcentration of cadmium in water samples prior to liquid electrode plasma atomic emission spectrometric (LEP-AES) determination. The combined method with the extraction and LEP-AES was applicable to the determination o...