in a city’s development programs, paying enough attention to physical development is of great importance, and all this, signifies the betterment of cultural and sociological aspects of the city. the fast physical growth of the cities in iran is one of the most important factors in city development in the country. this fast growth of the cities because of much immigration from the villages has t...

The existing literature investigating the effect of immigration on native-born wages has only addressed the role of observable characteristics (education and experience-between-group) of workers; based on the idea that overall impact of immigration on native wage inequality depends not only on the effects of between-group but also on the effect on within-group inequality (unobservable skills) (...

Despite the removal of restrictions on movement and increasing female participation in migration, only a minority of migrant parents in South Africa include their children in their destination household. Quantitative analyses of the circumstances in which children accompany a migrant parent have been limited by the lack of available data that document family arrangements from the perspective of...

I evaluate the welfare effects of exogenous changes in immigration policy by constructing a heterogeneous agent overlapping generations model with agents differing in age, origin, and skills. Calibrating the model to Germany, I match the main features of the social security and tax systems, and account for differences in inter-generational transmission of skills and fertility between immigrants...

Immigration has become one of the most politically contentious and publicly contested issues in modern-day Europe. Immigration and immigrant-related diversity have become facts of life across the continent, but the adjustment by states to this new reality has not always been seamless. What started as a byproduct of colonialism and ill-conceived guest-worker schemes has now become a cornerstone ...

While destination-country education provides many potential advantages for immigrants, empirical studies in Australia, Canada and the USA have produced mixed results on the labour outcomes of immigrants who are former international students. This study uses large national longitudinal datasets to examine cross-cohort trends and within-cohort changes in earnings among three groups of young unive...