Insulin and contraction regulate glucose uptake and glycogen synthase (GS) via distinct mechanisms in skeletal muscles, and an additive effect has been reported. Glycogen content is known to influence both contraction- and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and GS activity. Our study reports that contraction and insulin additively stimulate glucose uptake in rat epitrochlearis muscles with norma...

In the present study, the effects of insulin and contraction on glycogen synthase (GS) kinetic properties and phosphorylation were investigated in epitrochlearis muscles from lean and obese Zucker rats. Total GS activity and protein expression were ~15% lower in epitrochlearis from obese rats compared with lean rats. Insulin-stimulated GS fractional activity and affinity for UDP-glucose were lo...

OBJECTIVE Infants with gastroschisis (GS) still face severe morbidity. Prenatal closure may prevent gastrointestinal organ damage, but intrauterine GS repair (GSR) has not been established yet. METHODS In New Zealand White rabbits we developed and compared GS versus GSR: creation of GS was achieved by hysterotomy, right-sided laparotomy of the fetus and pressure on the abdominal wall to provo...

Reliability of genomic selection (GS) models was tested in an admixed population of Atlantic salmon, originating from crossing of several wild subpopulations. The GS models included ordinary genomic BLUP models (IBS-GS), using varying marker densities (1 to 220K) and a genomic IBD model (IBD-GS) using genomic relationships estimated through linkage analysis of sparse markers (ignoring LD). The ...

The physiological regulation of glutamine synthetase (GS; EC 6.3.1.2) in the axenic Prochlorococcus sp. strain PCC 9511 was studied. GS activity and antigen concentration were measured using the transferase and biosynthetic assays and the electroimmunoassay, respectively. GS activity decreased when cells were subjected to nitrogen starvation or cultured with oxidized nitrogen sources, which pro...

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Th i s l e s son d i s cu s s e s the e f f e c t s o f p r a i s e on ch i l d r en’s m o t i v a t i o n — w h e n and why i t works , o r doe s no t work , to make ch i l d r en t r y ha r de r. www.circ.cornell.edu Have s tudents g ive an example e i ther of the i r f avor i t e t ype of pra i se to rece ive or of the favor i t e compl iment they rece ived in the pas t . Have them re la te ...