This article analyzes concerns about market power and inequality in a model with multiple sectors, heterogeneous abilities, endogenous labor supply, nonlinear income taxation. Proportional markups no profit dissipation have effect on the economy, policy that reduces nonproportional markup raises (lowers) welfare when it is higher (lower) than weighted average of other markups. With proportional...

We ask whether attitudes toward government play a causal role in the evasion of US personal income taxes. As turnover elections move voters partisan counties into and out alignment with party president, we find (i) taxpayers report more easily evaded forms income; (ii) suspect EITC claims decrease; (iii) audits triggered found to owe additional tax decrease. Coupled evidence that leads favorabl...

We contribute to the literature on effect of taxes locational choices wealthy individuals by examining geographical sensitivity Forbes 400 richest Americans state estate taxes. Though we find billionaires’ effective tax rates are only about half statutory rate, their residential highly sensitive these taxes, as 35 percent local billionaires leave states with an tax. This tax-induced mobility ca...

Moonlighting is increasingly popular in OECD countries, with 5 to 10 percent of workers holding two or more jobs. However, little known about the responsiveness moonlighting financial incentives due lack identifying variation. This paper studies a unique reform Germany that allowed hold small secondary jobs tax-free, decreasing marginal tax rate by between 19.5 66 pp. I show resulted dramatic i...

The ipaH loci comprise a multicopy antigen gene family unique to Shigella species and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC). DNA probes derived from the Shigella flexneri serotype 5 ipaH7.8 gene were used to compare the molecular arrangement of ipaH alleles in a variety of Shigella and EIEC strains. Multiple copies of ipaH-homologous sequences were detected in all invasion plasmids examined. O...

Motivated by recent discovery of yttrium-based high-temperature ternary superconducting hydrides (e.g., CaYH$_{12}$, LaYH$_{12}$, and ScYH$_{6}$), we have employed evolutionary algorithm first-principles calculations to comprehensively examine the structural stability superconductivity YMgH$_{x}$ system at high pressure. The hydrogen content $x$ pressure are both important factors in these cand...

this study was carried out in order to determine the effects of boron and cold stress on pollen germination of almond hybrids in vitro culture, two different media including the absence and presence of boron (0 mg/l, and 100 mg/l) in 10% sucrose and 1% agar medium at 24°c in dark conditions. the results showed that different treatments had a significant effect on the germination percentage. the...

This study was carried out in order to determine the effects of boron and cold stress on pollen germination of almond hybrids in vitro culture, two different media including the absence and presence of boron (0 mg/l, and 100 mg/l) in 10% sucrose and 1% agar medium at 24°C in dark conditions. The results showed that different treatments had a significant effect on the germination percentage. The...

This paper provides evidence that replacing minimum unemployment benefits with a basic income of equal size has minor employment effects at best. We examine an experiment in Finland which 2,000 benefit recipients were randomized to receive monthly income. The lowered participation tax rates by 23 percentage points for full-time employment. Despite the considerable increase work incentives, days...

This paper builds a new microdatabase that covers 100 countries at all income levels and long-run time series in the United States (1870–2010) Mexico ( 1960–2010) to document how modern tax system arises over development. I establish set of stylized facts, which show exemption threshold decreases distribution as country develops, tracking growth employee share employment occurs gradually furthe...