The exercise definition of pulmonary hypertension was eliminated from the pulmonary hypertension guidelines in part due to uncertainty of the upper limits of normal (ULNs) for exercise haemodynamics in subjects >50 years old.The present study, therefore, evaluated the pulmonary haemodynamic responses to maximum upright incremental cycling exercise in consecutive subjects who underwent an invasi...

The aim of this review was to analyse the effects of intermittent hypoxia (IH) on pulmonary haemodynamics, comparing results of animal experiments with results of clinical studies. In animal investigations even short hypoxic exposure, continuously or in short repeated episodes mimicking obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), leads to pulmonary artery remodelling and to pulmonary hypertension (PH). Res...

Background: Spinal anaesthesia with bupivacaine for lower limb and lower abdominal surgeries is limited by the fixed duration of action and cannot be prolonged except with usage of spinal catheters which increase the chance of infection and occurrence of haemodynamic instability when used in high doses. To minimize the instability in haemodynamics, several neuraxial adjuvants have been used. Me...

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is fatal if untreated. Intravenous epoprostenol improves exercise capacity and haemodynamics in PAH, and increases survival in idiopathic PAH (IPAH). To evaluate the effects of subcutaneous (SC) treprostinil, a longer-acting prostacyclin analogue, followed by the addition of other PAH therapies if needed, 860 PAH patients treated with SC treprostinil for up...

Respiratory influences are major confounders when evaluating central haemodynamics during exercise. We studied four different methods to assess mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) in cases of respiratory swings. Central haemodynamics were measured simultaneously with oesophageal pressure during exercise in 30 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ...

The GUIDE-HF team1 should be congratulated on attempting to master congestion, a key driver of symptoms, signs, and progression heart failure. Controlling congestion is associated with an excellent prognosis,2 consideration for new universal definition failure.3 Symptoms signs are late, subjective, insensitive measures compared blood biomarkers, ultrasound, haemodynamics.3,4 Raised (>15 mm Hg) ...

Introduction: The study compared the effectiveness of opioids: butorphanol, fentanyl and nalbuphine as a part Total Intra Venous Anaesthesia (TIVA) using propofol an inducing agent in all three groups laparoscopic cholecystectomy view haemodynamic stability, analgesia recovery characteristics. Aims: To compare efficacy opioids viz. TIVA Haemodynamics variables, Material Methods: This randomised...