Introduction: Some clinicians use a handheld screw driver instead of a torque wrench to definitively tighten abutment screws. The aim of this study was to compare the removal torque of one-piece and two-piece abutments tightened with a handheld driver and a torque control ratchet. Methods: 40 ITI implants were placed in acrylic blocks and divided into 4 groups. In groups one and two, 10 ITI one...

This article concerns a modular automated system for conducting student laboratory experiments, which contains two parts: hardware and software. The hardware part is made up of PC and laboratory training kit with a constant analog/digital periphery and removable module (different for each experiment). The software part comprises two independent and complimentary subsystems: menu-oriented softwa...

driver drowsiness has been one of the main causes of on-road crashes which can lead to death, physical injuries and impose significant costs on the societies. the development of non-intrusive methods to be able to detect driver drowsiness in the early stages of drowsiness is great of importance. this is an educational review and its purpose is to provide recent achievements about non-intrusive ...

Mobile phone use while driving is increasing among road users. Although most countries made illegal the cell phone use while driving, its use is still common across drivers both for calling and texting. Several studies investigated the distraction factors related to the use of mobile while driving and the effects on road safety. The main findings of these studies demonstrated an increasing of r...

In contrast to the vast amount of modeling work focused on desktop user interfaces, recent work has increasingly focused on “off-the-desktop” interfaces, one prime example being in-vehicle interfaces used while driving. This paper highlights four recent approaches to predicting driver distraction from in-vehicle interfaces as secondary tasks: hand-crafted modeling with the full-fledged ACT-R ar...

Touchless gestures are getting more and more popular since Microsoft introduced the Kinect. They are not only interesting for entertainment and games, but also advantageous for in-car applications, as the driver can keep the hand closer to the steering wheel and displays can be mounted closer to the line of visibility at positions normally not in the reach zone. Since the technology used in con...

In this paper, we describe the modification of a portable hand-held computer, the Museum Exhibit Guide (MEG), in order to increase its accessibility to people with physical, visual, hearing, and cognitive disabilities. A new switch-input interface is described and the corresponding changes necessary in the MEG’s hardware, software driver, and application software. Additional stereo audio amplif...

Embedded system designers are increasingly relying on Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) as target design platforms. Today’s FPGAs provide high levels of logic density and rich sets of embedded hardware components. They are also inherently flexible and can be easily and quickly modified to meet changing applications or system requirements. On the other hand, FPGAs are generally slower and c...