Encephalitis is the inflammation of brain which usually caused by viral infections, but it can be also due to other non-infectious agents. We report an interesting case anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis with Haemophilus influenzae co-infection in association severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, without pulmonary involvement or fever.

In the article by Jiménez-Ruiz et al., entitled “Neuro-logic manifestations of COVID-19”,1 it was concluded that “we must bear in mind infectious and non-infec-tious complications affect nervous system such as encephalitis, seizures, Guillain-Barre syndrome, dis-seminated encephalomyelitis hemorrhagic leuko-encephalitis, which are disorders can occur during or after viral infections.

Encephalitis is a brain inflammation, which could involve also the meninges. The etiology of encephalitis could be: viral, bacterial, fungal or autoimmune. Anti-NMDAR encephalitis is an immune disorder, easy to diagnose and is a treatable condition. Most patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis develop a multistage illness that progresses from psychosis, memory deficits, seizures, to catatonic sta...

Acute encephalitis constitutes a medical emergency. In most cases, the presence of focal neurological signs and focal seizures will distinguish encephalitis from encephalopathy. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is a non-infective inflammatory encephalitis that may require to be treated with steroids. Acute infective encephalitis is usually viral. Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is the com...

Encephalitis associated with antibodies against the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (i.e., anti-NMDAR encephalitis) is an immune-mediated disorder mainly affecting girls and young women ovarian teratoma. The clinical picture of disease progresses from headaches seizures, psychopathological symptoms anxiety, psychosis, or hyperreligiosity), neuropsychological deficits memory, attention, language d...

BACKGROUND In China, there were few studies about the pathogens of acute viral encephalitis and meningitis in children in recent years. The aims of this study were to characterize the etiology and prognosis of acute viral encephalitis and meningitis in Chinese children. METHODS This was a multicentre prospective study. Two hundred and sixty one viral encephalitis patients and 285 viral mening...

OBJECTIVES To compare the results of clinical assessment and MRI with neuropathological findings in the diagnosis of HIV and cytomegalovirus (CMV) associated CNS disease. METHODS A retrospective study of 35 patients infected with HIV who were examined at necropsy between four and 70 (median 20) days after neurological assessment and MRI. RESULTS Of the 35 patients, 19 had diffuse white matt...

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is the leading cause of virus-induced encephalitis; however, the viral genes that regulate encephalitis have not been well characterized. In this study, we tested whether the LAT (latency-associated transcript) locus regulates the frequency of encephalitis in male or female mice. Male BALB/c mice are more susceptible to HSV-1-induced encephalitis than age-mat...

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis is an autoimmune inflammation of the brain parenchyma mediated with autoantibodies against NMDA receptors in neuronal cells. It most common form encephalitides pediatric patients. In this case report, we present a child anti-NMDAR encephalitis, refractory to first-line therapy.