A simple, precise, and rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of vitexin-2″-O-glucoside, vitexin-2″-O-rhamnoside, rutin, vitexin, and hyperoside. The HPLC separation was performed using a Shim-pack VP-ODS C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm) with the isocratic mobile phase consisting of tetrahydrofuran/ acetonitrile/0...

A common clinical treatment for hyperlipidemia in China is hawthorn, a traditional Chinese herb. However, few researches have been done on its active ingredients and their possible mechanisms treating hyperlipidemia. The chemical constituents of hawthorn were obtained from the encyclopedia medicine, bioavailability druglikeness properties each ingredient analyzed using SwissADME targets action ...

The content of phytochemicals associated with the antioxidant activity of the fruits of species of hawthorn (Crataegus spp.; Rosacea) located in Mexico is unknown. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, vitamin C and the antioxidant activity in a selection of Mexican hawthorn species. A quantification was made of total phenols, flavonoi...

Reduced endothelium-dependent vasodilator responses with increased synthesis of ET-1 (endothelin-1) are characteristics of endothelial dysfunction in heart failure and are predictive of mortality. Identification of treatments that correct these abnormalities may have particular benefit for patients who become refractory to current regimens. Hawthorn preparations have a long history in the treat...

This study focused on the determination of quality characteristics homemade organic vinegars (apple, red hawthorn and yellow hawthorn) which were produced with double fermentation (ethyl alcohol acetic acid fermentation) method by spectroscopy (UV/Fourier transform infrared) rheology technique. These absorbance peak values are associated acids phenolic compounds determined as an important param...

The aim of this work was to determine the content of total polyphenols, total flavonoids, total monomeric anthocyanins, total proanthocyanidins, and antioxidant activity of Crataegus monogyna L. fruit in water, hydroalcohol and alcohol extracts. Phenolic content and antioxidant assay of the different fruit extracts was determined using spectrophotometric methods. Obtained results indicated that...

Extracts of hawthorn (Crateagus sp.) have been indicated in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, however, tablets produced from dry extract due to a multiple of factors such as inconsistent botanical ingredients, moisture content and hygroscopicity turn to be hard with prolong disintegration. Dissolution test is increasingly being employed for the assessment of solid herbal medicinal dosag...

To understand the mineralogical association, concentration, and distribution of arsenic (As) in the Hawthorn Group, the chemical and mineralogical composition of 362 samples that were collected from 16 cores in southwestern Florida were examined in detail. In the study area, the Hawthorn Group consisted primarily of a basal carbonate unit (the Arcadia Formation) and an upper siliciclastic unit ...

This article describes and evaluates Gilbert Gottlieb's role as an intermediator between psychology and evolutionary biology. He proposed that altered developmental conditions gave rise to new behavioral phenotypes (behavioral neophenotypes) that could provide the basis for initiating speciation. As an example, Gottlieb cited sympatric speciation of two species of fruit flies (Rhageletis pomell...

The importance of speciation without the complete geographical separation of diverging populations (sympatric speciation) has become increasingly accepted. One of the textbook examples of recent speciation in sympatry is the apple maggot fly Rhagoletis pomonella, in which genetically differentiated host races feed on either hawthorn or apple. Three recent articles by Feder and collaborators sho...