Deregulated expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) encoding genes is frequent in multiple myeloma. HSPs, which are molecular chaperones involved in protein homeostasis pathways, have emerged recently as promising therapeutic targets. Using human myeloma cell lines and primary myeloma cells belonging to various molecular groups, we tested the efficacy of HSP90, HSP70, and heat shock factor 1 (...

According to The American Heritage College Dictionary,1 a chaperone is “a guide or companion whose purpose is to ensure propriety or restrict activity.” The term “molecular chaperone” is applied to proteins that control the proper folding of nascent polypeptides into the correct 3D structure (ensure propriety) or maintain polypeptides in an inactive state (restrict activity) until they have bee...

All organisms respond to environmental, chemical and physiological stresses by enhanced synthesis of an evolutionarily conserved family of proteins known as heat shock proteins (HSPs) or stress proteins. Certain HSPs are also expressed constitutively during cell growth and development, and they function as molecular chaperones. The transcriptional regulation of hsp genes is mediated by the heat...

Heat shock proteins assist in folding that is a basic cellular constituent responsible for various crucial functions including protein assembly, transportation, normal conditions and denaturation of stress other function. Abiotic factors like increased temperature, drought salinity negatively affect reproduction survival plants. Plants (HSPs), as chaperones, have part conversing biotic abiotic ...

The heat shock response, characterized by increased expression of heat shock proteins (Hsps) is induced by exposure of cells and tissues to extreme conditions that cause acute or chronic stress. Hsps function as molecular chaperones in regulating cellular homeostasis and promoting survival. If the stress is too severe, a signal that leads to programmed cell death, apoptosis, is activated, there...

The function of one or more heat shock proteins (HSPs) may be to confer protection of cells against thermal damage. We examined the induction kinetics of thermotolerance and the synthesis of HSPs in murine tumor models. Squamous cell carcinomas (SCC VII/SF) or radiation-induced fibrosarcomas (RIF) were implanted in the flanks of C3H mice. These flank tumors were first exposed to an elevated tem...

Ticks are ectoparasites of animals and humans that serve as vectors of Anaplasma and other pathogens that affect humans and animals worldwide. Ticks and the pathogens that they transmit have coevolved molecular interactions involving genetic traits of both the tick and the pathogen that mediate their development and survival. In this paper, the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and other...

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a highly conserved group of proteins that are constitutively expressed and function as molecular chaperones, aiding in protein folding and preventing the accumulation of misfolded proteins. In the arterial wall, HSPs have a protective role under normal physiologic conditions. In disease states, however, HSPs expressed on the vascular endothelial cell surface can a...

Living organisms respond to heat exposure by selectively expressing heat shock proteins (HSPs). Accumulation of HSPs confers thermotolerance in cell cultures and in ectotherms and is an important component of the heat shock response. This response, however, has not been directly examined in relation to different ;thermal states', namely ectothermy vs endothermy. By using avian development as a ...

A sudden elevation in temperature triggers a stress response found in all organisms that brings about a global transition in gene expression. Typically, the expression of most genes is either shut down or greatly attenuated, and a specific group of genes, called heat shock (HS) genes, is rapidly induced to high levels (Schlesinger et al., 1982). Proteins encoded by HS genes enable cells to surv...