A new spectroscopic technique that is based on molecular dispersion spectroscopy and enables new capabilities in chemical detection as compared to well-established laser absorption spectroscopy will be discussed in this paper. Differential optical dispersion spectroscopy (DODiS) enables simultaneous measurement and comparison of two gas samples. This is performed through simultaneous detection ...

Hydrocracking has great importance in present day refining due to strict environmental and norms of quality of fuel. In recent years the demand for middle distillate and gasoline has increased tremendously while that of heavy gas has decreased. In the present work we have modeled and then applied five lump scheme to hydrocracker reactor. The first order kinetics was assumed for the conversion i...

We introduce a simple and efficient algorithm for diffusion in smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations and apply it to the problem of chemical mixing. Based on the concept of turbulent diffusion, we link the diffusivity of a pollutant to the local physical conditions and can thus resolve mixing in space and time. We apply our prescription to the evolution of an idealized supernova rem...

We report the detection of differential gas column densities in three gravitational lenses, MG 0414+0534, HE 1104−1805, and PKS 1830−211. Combined with the previous differential column density measurements in B 1600+434 and Q 2237+0305 and the differential extinction measurements of these lenses, we probe the dust-to-gas ratio of a small sample of cosmologically distant normal galaxies. We obta...

We theoretically study the dynamic screening properties of bilayer graphene within the random-phase approximation assuming quadratic band dispersion and zero gap for the single-particle spectrum. We calculate the frequency-dependent dielectric function of the system and obtain the low-energy plasmon dispersion and broadening of the plasmon modes from the dielectric function. We also calculate t...

We report the detection of differential gas column densities in three gravitational lenses, MG 0414+0534, HE 1104−1805, and PKS 1830−211. Combined with the previous differential column density measurements in B 1600+434 and Q 2237+0305 and the differential extinction measurements of these lenses, we probe the dust-to-gas ratio of a small sample of cosmologically distant normal galaxies. We obta...

The most stable fullerene structures from C20 to C60 are chosen to study the energetics and geometrical consequences of encapsulating the rare gas elements He, Ne, or Ar inside the fullerene cage using dispersion corrected density functional theory. An exponential increase in stability is found with increasing number of carbon atoms. A similar exponential law is found for the volume expansion o...