Thymocytes cultured with irradiated, allogeneic stimulator cells yield no cytotoxic effector cells after a period in culture. If, however, a population of irradiated spleen cells syngeneic to the responder cells are added to these cultures, cytotoxicity is generated. The helper activity present in the irradiated syngeneic spleen cells was found to be mediated by a cell bearing theta antigens. F...

Polyclonal activation of murine splenic B lymphocytes by lipopolysaccharide was found to be subject to regulation by helper and suppressor influences from T lymphocytes. In the normal adult spleen, only helper influences were exercised over polyclonal B cell activation; this influence is a property of Lyt-l(+)23(-) slowly sedimenting T cells. Suppressive influence evidently is latent, for it ex...

Anaphylaxis caused by allergen sensitization and vaccination is a serious health concern. The severity of anaphylaxis associated with the presence immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies that bind to allergens high affinity. Here, we report development unique Interleukin-13 (IL-13)-producing follicular helper T (TFH) cell subset, designated TFH2 cells, which tightly production high-affinity IgE antib...

Clonal expansion of isolated precursors to helper T cells was induced in limiting dilution cultures of keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)-primed F1 hybrid lymph node cells. Progeny of each isolated precursor was tested for helper activity by transfer to independent cultures with hapten-primed B cells of either parental or F1 hybrid origin. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restriction spe...

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterised by increased B cell activity and depressed T cell function. However, the contribution of the immunoregulatory system to its pathogenesis is still unclear. The recent development in the production of monoclonal antibodies and the availability of bench-top flow cytometers have allowed rapid quantitation of peripheral blood ...

It has long been known that thymus-derived lymphocytes (T cells) can produce cytokines that have powerful effects on hematopoiesis. All major classes of T cells--CD4 T helper cells, CD4 regulatory T cells, CD8 T cells, gammadelta T cells and NKT cells--produce a number of cytokines and chemokines that can modulate hematopoiesis. More recent research has shown that specific T helper cell types, ...

Natural viral proteins do not always make optimal vaccines. We have found that sequence modification to increase epitope affinity for class II MHC molecules (epitope enhancement) can improve immunogenicity. Here we show first that a higher-affinity helper epitope-enhanced HIV vaccine not only induces more cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), but also skews helper cells toward Th1 cytokine production...

Priming of BALB/c mice with phosphorylcholine-hemocyanin (PC-Hy) induces T helper cells that are detected in splenic fragment cultures responding to immunization with trinitrophenylated PC-binding myeloma proteins, TEPC 15 (TNP-T15) and MOPC 167 (TNP-M167). Trinitrophenylation did not alter the binding site, idiotype, or isotype of the antibodies as demonstrated by binding studies. To assay idi...

The spleen T cells from mice immunized 6 days earlier with either chicken gamma globulin (CGG) or with donkey erythrocytes (DRC) were rosetted with CGG-coated sheep erythrocytes or with DRC. The immune rosettes (RFC) (antigen-binding cells) were separated from the bulk of nonrosette-forming cells (non-RFC) by 1-g velocity sedimentation and the RFC and non-RFC tested for helper activity in coope...