background: campylobacter spp. are the common pathogens that infect human beings via food. these bacteria are vibrio and have been implicated in abortion. serotyping is the best way for typing with penner scheme. c. jejuni and c. coli have 65 serotypes. c. coli is common in birds and dogs. due to high rate of prevalence of campylobacter in red-meat, chicken-meat and egg-shell, a suitable method...

background: it has been shown that zinc has an effect on physiological responses in animals and birds. on the other hand, dietary phytase in poultry results in increased availability of zinc. objectives: this study was conducted to investigate the effects of zinc oxide (zno) and escherichia coli-derived 6-phytase supplemented diets on the plasma metabolites and enzyme activities of broiler bree...

Genetic susceptibility to murine Lyme arthritis has been correlated with the dominance of T-helper (Th1)- or Th2-cell-associated cytokines. To determine when commitment of the Th cell phenotype occurs, we examined the kinetics of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) production by lymph node T cells of disease-susceptible C3H/HeN and disease-resistant BALB/c mice from days 2 thr...

Alternative hen housing is becoming more commonplace in the egg market. However, a complete understanding of the implications for alternative housing systems on egg safety has not been achieved. The current study examines the impact of housing Hy-Line Brown, Hy-Line Silver Brown, and Barred Plymouth Rock hens in conventional cage, cage-free, and free range egg production systems on shell microb...

Health Evidence Network (HEN) synthesis report on hospital performance Measurement is central to the concept of hospital quality improvement; it provides a means to define what hospitals actually do, and to compare that with the original targets in order to identify opportunities for improvement. The principal methods of measuring hospital performance are regulatory inspection, public satisfact...

This is a Health Evidence Network (HEN) synthesis report focusing on the evidence of effective treatment for the types of ill-health from which homeless people often suffer. Homeless people constitute a heterogeneous population characterized by multiple morbidity (primarily alcohol and drug dependence, and mental disorders) and premature mortality. The problems need to be addressed by many meas...

The housing of laying hens is important for social, industrial, and regulatory aspects. Many studies have compared hen housing systems on the research farm, but few have fully examined commercial housing systems and management strategies. The current study compared hens housed in commercial cage-free aviary, conventional cage, and enriched colony cage systems. Environmental and eggshell pool sa...

This is a Health Evidence Network (HEN) synthesis report on the most effective and cost-effective interventions in alcohol control. Evidence shows the most effective approach is to implement a combination of: increases in alcohol prices, reduction in the availability of alcohol, and measures against drunk driving and underage drinking. A report from the Health Evidence Network reviews the evide...

Inteins are parasitic genetic elements that excise themselves at the protein level by self-splicing, allowing the formation of functional, nondisrupted proteins. Many inteins contain a homing endonuclease (HEN) domain and rely on its activity for horizontal propagation. However, successful invasion of an entire population will make this activity redundant, and the HEN domain is expected to dege...

The recombinant antibodies AG275, AG294 and AG274 detect the hen egg-white lysozyme by ELISA.