Reproductive health is always becoming an issue for adolescence. Lack of knowledge, permissive attitude, easy access to pornography and low parental supervision reported as a determinant risky sexual behavior in This study aimed investigate mother’s perspectives discussing reproductive issues with their children aged 9-11 years old. The respondents were 8.046 mothers who had old Semarang, taken...

BACKGROUND The intensity, spread, and effects of public opinion about vaccines are growing as new modes of communication speed up information sharing, contributing to vaccine hesitancy, refusals, and disease outbreaks. We aimed to develop a new application of existing surveillance systems to detect and characterise early signs of vaccine issues. We also aimed to develop a typology of concerns a...

Public acceptance of vaccination has never been a given. Today there is a set of societal circumstances that may contribute to a growing parental hesitancy about vaccination. These include: increasingly 'crowded' vaccination schedules; lower prevalence of vaccine-preventable diseases; greater access to, and more rapid dissemination of, vaccine-critical messages via digital networks; hyper-vigil...

Such hesitation phenomena as filled pauses (e.g., uh, um) have been argued to serve a pragmatic role as markers of impending hesitation on the part of the speaker (Smith and Clark, 1993; Clark and Fox Tree, 2002). Lengthenings (e.g., a:nd, we:ll)—also hesitation phenomena—are arguably similar. In short, these hesitation markers constitute information from which listeners make inferences. The pr...

Health-care delivery is undergoing significant evolution and change. Task substitution has resulted in some practitioner groups expanding their scope of practice by assuming more complex clinical roles, new practitioner groups have emerged, and consumer-driven demand has changed the way the public engage with health practitioners and the way many health-care services are delivered. Using Austra...

This paper describes the acoustic characteristics of hesitations in Estonian spontaneous speech. We especially investigate duration, fundamental frequency, and first two formant analyses. Most frequent hesitations can be expressed by lengthened phonemes such as /ää/, /ee/, /õõ/, and /mm/. We compare lengthened phoneme hesitations with their related phonemes. The results from our preliminary hes...

To verify whether hesitation phenomena are distributed periodically in spontaneous speech, twenty speech samples produced by five male adults were analyzed. Spectral analysis allowed for three main findings. First, hesitations present stationary behavior, which implies they did not accumulate in the beginning, in the middle, or in the end of speech samples. Second, periodic cycles of hesitation...

The current work deals with the modelling of one type of disfluency, hesitations. A perceptual experiment using speech synthesis was designed to evaluate two duration features found to be correlates to hesitation, pause duration and final lengthening. A variation of F0 slope before the hesitation was also included. The most important finding is that it is the total duration increase that is the...