Background The European Society of Cardiology recognizes different hypertensive heart disease (HHD) phenotypes. HHD can be classified into 4 left ventricular (LV) phenotypes by indexed LV mass, mass to volume ratio (M:V) and indexed end diastolic volume (EDV) (Table 1). All remodeling/ hypertrophy phenotypes carry adverse cardiovascular prognosis, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely ...

To overcome the limitations of the MMT, isometric hand-held dynamometers (HHD) have been developed to aid therapists in clinics (Andrews (1991)). HHDs are generally small and portable, and measure strength objectively in kilograms, pounds or newtons. The clinician holds the HHD between his or her force-applying hand and the patient’s limb segment. The clinician stabilises the limb segment while...

Quantification of hip extensor strength is often of interest to physiotherapists, as strength deficits are associated with conditions such as low back pain and hip osteoarthritis and may lead to impairments in physical functioning. Physiotherapists typically use manual muscle testing to assess muscle strength, but this grading scale is somewhat subjective and may fail to detect small changes in...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Experimental studies suggest a beneficial effect of hemodilution on acute ischemic stroke. This was not proven by previous multicenter trials in the clinical setting. Various reasons have been suggested for the failure of these studies, which we attempted to consider in the Multicenter Austrian Hemodilution Stroke Trial (MAHST). METHODS MAHST is a randomized, double-bli...

BACKGROUND The ultrasonic industry has recently produced echocardiographic Hand Held Devices (miniaturized, compact and battery-equipped echocardiographic systems). Their potential usefulness has been successfully assessed in a wide range of clinical conditions. The aim of the study was to verify if the routine use of a basic model of echocardiographic Hand Held Device (HHD) could be an importa...

Recent studies have clearly demonstrated that start ing treatment with peritoneal dialysis (PD) is superior to starting with conventional hemodialysis (HD) because PD preserves residual renal function for a longer period. Similarly, because of the frequency of treatments, home HD (HHD) is also superior to conventional HD. The accumulated evidence suggests that a combination of PD and HHD might ...

BACKGROUND The lower limb muscle strength is an important determinant of physical function in older people. However, measurement in clinical and epidemiological settings has been limited because of the requirement for large-scale equipment. A protocol using a novel, versatile hand-held dynamometer (HHD) has been developed to measure the quadriceps strength in a supine position. OBJECTIVE The ...

Objectives: The Micro Manual Muscle Tester (MMMT) is a Hand-Held Dynamometer (HHD). The current study aimed to evaluate the intra- and inter-rater reliability of this device. Methods: To determine the reliability of the MMMT, two previously trained assessors to work with HHD performed HHD measurements on 7 muscle groups of the lower extremities (hip flexors, hip extensors, hip abductors, knee ...

The Helmholtz-Hodge Decomposition (HHD) describes the decomposition of a flow field into its divergence-free and curl-free components. Many researchers in various communities like weather modeling, oceanology, geophysics, and computer graphics are interested in understanding the properties of flow representing physical phenomena such as incompressibility and vorticity. The HHD has proven to be ...

BACKGROUND There are very limited published studies in Nigeria on the use of 24 hour Holter electrocardiogram (Holter ECG) in the arrhythmic evaluation of hypertensive and diabetic patients. OBJECTIVE To evaluate indications, arrhythmic pattern of Holter ECG, and heart rate variability (HRV) among patients with hypertensive heart disease (HHD) with or without heart failure and type 2 diabetes...