Before the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) legal authority to apprehend, detain, or conditionally release persons was limited to seven listed diseases, not including SARS, and could only be changed using a two-step process: 1) executive order of the President of the United States on recommendation by the Secretary, U.S. D...

Background: At present, there is no consensus on an appropriate treatment modality for intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly with background diseases. The aim of the present study was to compare treatment outcomes of intertrochanteric fractures reduced with dynamic hip screws (DHS) and bipolar hemiarthroplasty in elderly patients with background medical conditions. Methods: In this randomi...

BACKGROUND Hope and resilience protect against inner vulnerabilities or harsh life circumstances; they explain individual differences in physical or mental health outcomes under high stress. They have been studied in complementary or competing theoretical frameworks; therefore, the study of measures of hope and resilience should be undertaken prior to explore if they are truly value-added for r...

BACKGROUND Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is a neglected tropical disease that afflicts some of the poorest populations in the world including people living in the Bihar state of India. Due to efforts from local governments, NGOs and international organizations, the number of VL cases has declined in recent years. Despite this progress, the reservoir for transmission remains to be clearly defined ...

INTRODUCTION Government of India launched a social health protection program called Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY) in the year 2008 to provide financial protection from catastrophic health expenses to below poverty line households (HHs). The objectives of the current paper are to assess the current status of RSBY in Maharashtra at each step of awareness, enrollment, and utilization. In a...

This technical note introduces the Household Hunger Scale (HHS), a simple, new indicator to assess household hunger in food insecure areas. The HHS consists of three questions and three frequencies that, when administered in a population-based household survey, allows for estimating the percent of households affected by three different severities of household hunger: 1) Little to no household h...

On January 26, 2015, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (“HHS”) announced the launch of the Better Care. Smarter Spending. Healthier People: Why it Matters initiative. According to HHS, this is the first time the agency has identified specific goals and a timeline for transitioning the Medicare program away from the historic fee-for-service model and toward a system that ties Medi...

Severe acid-base disorders combined with electrolyte disturbances are of ten seen in patients with hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state (HHS) or diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Acid-base disorders and electrolyte disturbances are tightly connected [1]. The aims of this clinical lesson are (i) to give insight in the relation between hyperglycemia, acid-base disturbances and electrolyte homeostasis, (i...