in this article, finite element method and ale formulation were used to numerically simulate impact of low-velocity specific projectiles with water surface. for the simulation, ls-dyna finite element code was used. material models which were used to express behavior of air and water included null material model. for the projectile, plastic-kinematics material model was applied. mie-gruneisen eq...

Data showing velocity changes on the Brunt Ice Shelf (BIS), Antarctica, over the last 55 years are presented and analysed. During this period no large-scale calving events took place and the ice shelf gradually grew in size. Ice flow velocities, however, fluctuated greatly, increasing twofold between 1970 and 2000, then decreasing again to previous levels by 2012 after which velocities started ...

Sea ice is in almost constant motion in response to wind, ocean currents, and forces transmitted within the ice cover itself, thus there is nearly always a zone of sheared Sow between the ice and underlying, undisturbed ocean where turbulence transports momentum, heat, salt, and other contaminants vertically. The zone in which these turbulent Suxes occur, which can span from a few to hundreds o...

Abstract. Ice melting beneath Antarctic ice shelves is caused by heat transfer through the ice-shelf–ocean boundary layer (IOBL). However, our understanding of fluid dynamics and thermohaline physics IOBL flow poor. In this study, we utilize a large-eddy simulation (LES) model to investigate ocean role turbulence within near front. To simulate varying intensities, imposed different theoretical ...

This study aims to gain knowledge on how hydroelastic waves interact with off-shore structures, for example off-shore wind turbines or oil rigs. The linear two-dimensional problem of hydroelastic waves reflected by a vertical wall is analysed. Water is of finite depth and is covered by ice. The fluid is assumed incompressible and inviscid. The ice sheet is assumed thin compared with both the wa...

Methods This was a prospective, 2-arm randomized controlled pilot study for participants with acute low back pain. SMC included education about self-management, analgesics and anti-inflammatory agents, physical therapy and modalities such as heat/ice. CMT included mobilization, brief massage, modalities such as heat/ice, exercises, advice for activities of daily living, postural/ergonomic advic...

[1] The deformation rate of sea ice is a key parameter for determining the evolution of the ice thickness distribution. It determines the rate of new ice formation through opening and the rate of ridging through closing and shear. An extensive suite of ground-based and satellite-based measurements of ice motion is used to construct a daily time series of the ice velocity and deformation in the ...