BACKGROUND The Kenyan highlands were malaria-free before the 1910s, but a series of malaria epidemics have occurred in the highlands of western Kenya since the 1980s. Longitudinal studies of the genetic structure, complexity, infection dynamics, and duration of naturally acquired Plasmodium falciparum infections are needed to facilitate a comprehensive understanding of malaria epidemiology in t...

AIMS Previous studies investigating the link between infection with Borrelia burgdorferi and morphoea have produced conflicting results. Often, these studies have been undertaken in patients from different regions or countries, and using methods of varying sensitivity for detecting Borrelia burgdorferi infection. This study aimed to establish whether a relation could be demonstrated in the High...

Fire suppression in the southern Appalachians is widely considered responsible for decreased regeneration in oak ( Quercus ) and fire-adapted species such as table mountain pine ( Pinus rigida ) and pitch pine ( Pinus pungens ) (Barden & Woods 1976; Harmon 1982; Abrams 1992). How fire-adapted species survived in the southern Appalachian highlands in pre-Columbian times is an enigma; lightning-s...

Transhumance, the seasonal movement of herds between highlands and lowlands following precise, repeated routes, is a common practice in many Mediterranean regions. This livestock movement exploits natural vegetation in both winter and summer pastures. In Greece transhumant herders, drawn by relatively abundant vegetation, usually relocate to mountainous areas between April and October. Mount Ve...

The Eastern Afromontane biodiversity hotspot (EABH) has the highest concentration of biodiversity in tropical Africa, yet few studies have investigated recent historical diversification processes in EABH lineages. Herein, we analyze restriction-site associated DNA-sequences (RAD-Seq) to study recent historical processes in co-distributed mouse (Hylomyscus) and shrew (Sylvisorex) species complex...

We present details of the global distribution of high-Ca pyroxene (HCP)-rich sites in the lunar highlands based on the global data set of hyperspectral reflectance obtained by the SELENE Spectral Profiler. Most HCP-rich sites in the lunar highlands are found at fresh impact craters. In each crater, most of the detection points are distributed on the ejecta, rim, and floor of the impact craters ...

To determine the effect of moderate altitude on arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), pulse oximetry was performed on 302 children aged <3 months attending a clinic in Goroka, Eastern Highlands Province (1584 metres above sea level) for minor ailments or immunization. Respiratory and heart rates were also measured. The overall mean SaO2 was 96%. Comparison between log-transformed means showed that...

1. Assumptions about the order of elements. The modal order of elements in clauses in languages from New Guinea is SOV. No one would dispute this, and examples are easy to come by. The following 2ve sentences serve as examples of the wide spread of SOV word order in New Guinea. The examples are from Fore, a Goroka language from the eastern highlands; Lani, a Dani language from the western highl...

Four new scorpionfly species of the family Cimbrophlebiidae (Mecoptera) are described in the genus Cimbrophlebia Willmann from two localities of the far-western North American Early Eocene Okanagan Highlands: C. flabelliformis sp. n. and C. leahyi sp. n. from McAbee, British Columbia, Canada; and C. brooksi sp. n. and C. westae, sp. n. from Republic, Washington, U.S.A. A further, partially pres...

Malaria in the highlands of Kenya is traditionally regarded as unstable and limited by low temperature. Brief warm periods may facilitate malaria transmission and are therefore able to generate epidemic conditions in immunologically naive human populations living at high altitudes. The adult:child ratio (ACR) of malaria admissions is a simple tool we have used to assess the degree of functional...